{"id":1158,"date":"2023-07-26T12:08:01","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T12:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/website.prod.unilu.spikeseed.cloud\/fhse-en\/study-programs\/master-en-histoire-europeenne-contemporaine\/programme\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T14:28:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T13:28:08","slug":"programme","status":"publish","type":"study-programs","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fhse-en\/study-programs\/master-en-histoire-europeenne-contemporaine\/programme\/","title":{"rendered":"Programme"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"section py-0 static\">\n<section class=\"py-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><!-- SecondaryNavigationMirror --><div class=\"js-secondary-nav--sticky wp-block-unilux-blocks-secondary-navigation\" id=\"a5265552-e22a-4fbd-82a2-a187395f3eb2\">\n    <nav id=\"secondary-navigation\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Secondary menu\" class=\"secondary-nav\">\n        <button class=\"secondary-nav__button btn btn-solid--primary w-full\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"secondary-navigation__list\" title=\"The selected page is Programme\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"btn__name mr-auto\">Programme<\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n                <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\" \/>\n            <\/svg>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <ul id=\"secondary-navigation__list\" class=\"secondary-nav__list\">\n            <li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fhse-en\/study-programs\/master-en-histoire-europeenne-contemporaine\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link \">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Overview<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fhse-en\/study-programs\/master-en-histoire-europeenne-contemporaine\/programme\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link isactived\" aria-current=\"page\">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Programme<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fhse-en\/study-programs\/master-en-histoire-europeenne-contemporaine\/career\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link \">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Career<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fhse-en\/study-programs\/master-en-histoire-europeenne-contemporaine\/teaching-staff\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link \">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Teaching staff<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fhse-en\/study-programs\/master-en-histoire-europeenne-contemporaine\/admissions\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link \">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Admissions<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<!-- end SecondaryNavigationMirror --><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"section section wp-block-unilux-blocks-headline-text-and-image\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"programme\"\n    >\nProgramme<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper flex flex-wrap lg:-mx-32\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper w-full lg:w-7\/12 lg:order-2 lg:px-32\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-image-video-wrapper\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/07\/OVERVIEW_PIXEL_EUROPE1nbsbw.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/07\/OVERVIEW_PIXEL_EUROPE1nbsbw-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/07\/OVERVIEW_PIXEL_EUROPE1nbsbw-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/07\/OVERVIEW_PIXEL_EUROPE1nbsbw-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/07\/OVERVIEW_PIXEL_EUROPE1nbsbw-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/07\/OVERVIEW_PIXEL_EUROPE1nbsbw.jpg 2000w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 3\/2; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper w-full lg:w-5\/12 lg:order-1 lg:px-32\">\n<p>The curriculum covers a full-time two-years programme (120 ECTS) and has 8 modules covering different topics according to the chosen specialisation track. The final semester is dedicated to the completion of the Master thesis. Classes are taught in French and English. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-custom-buttons btn-list\"><li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-custom-button\"    aria-disabled=\"false\"\n    >\n    <a\n        role=\"link\"\n        aria-disabled=\"false\"\n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fhse-en\/study-programs\/master-en-histoire-europeenne-contemporaine\/admissions\/\"\n                target=\"_self\"\n        class=\"btn btn--primary\"\n            >Admissions<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"academic-contents\"\n    >\nAcademic Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"tab-nav\" class=\"tab-nav\">\n    <button\n        type=\"button\"\n        class=\"button-toggle btn btn--white w-full\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n        aria-controls=\"tab-nav__listing\"\n        title=\"The selected tab is CONTENT OF THE CURRENT LABEL\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"btn__name mr-auto\">Semestre 1<\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n    <ul\n        id=\"tab-nav__listing\"\n        class=\"tab-nav__listing nav manual\"\n        role=\"tablist\"\n        aria-label=\"91短视频 me\"\n    >\n                <li role=\"presentation\" class=\"tab-nav__item\" key={button.id}>\n            <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                id=\"tab-74d543ed-7f28-400c-9d98-91c92feeeadf\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"tab\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#tabpanel-74d543ed-7f28-400c-9d98-91c92feeeadf\"\n                role=\"tab\"\n                aria-controls=\"tabpanel-74d543ed-7f28-400c-9d98-91c92feeeadf\"\n                aria-selected=\"false\"\n                aria-current=\"false\"\n                class=\"tab-nav__button\"\n                tabIndex=\"-1\"\n            >\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n                <span class=\"tab-nav__name\">Semestre 1<\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/li>\n                <li role=\"presentation\" class=\"tab-nav__item\" key={button.id}>\n            <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                id=\"tab-91d96903-bd75-41d1-8d69-786610291845\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"tab\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#tabpanel-91d96903-bd75-41d1-8d69-786610291845\"\n                role=\"tab\"\n                aria-controls=\"tabpanel-91d96903-bd75-41d1-8d69-786610291845\"\n                aria-selected=\"false\"\n                aria-current=\"false\"\n                class=\"tab-nav__button\"\n                tabIndex=\"-1\"\n            >\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n                <span class=\"tab-nav__name\">Semestre 2<\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/li>\n                <li role=\"presentation\" class=\"tab-nav__item\" key={button.id}>\n            <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                id=\"tab-d6e1d895-1903-4035-aced-7cbe6cce7791\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"tab\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#tabpanel-d6e1d895-1903-4035-aced-7cbe6cce7791\"\n                role=\"tab\"\n                aria-controls=\"tabpanel-d6e1d895-1903-4035-aced-7cbe6cce7791\"\n                aria-selected=\"false\"\n                aria-current=\"false\"\n                class=\"tab-nav__button\"\n                tabIndex=\"-1\"\n            >\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n                <span class=\"tab-nav__name\">Semestre 3<\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/li>\n                <li role=\"presentation\" class=\"tab-nav__item\" key={button.id}>\n            <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                id=\"tab-47bb544f-129c-4292-8c20-4edf2fc8151e\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"tab\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#tabpanel-47bb544f-129c-4292-8c20-4edf2fc8151e\"\n                role=\"tab\"\n                aria-controls=\"tabpanel-47bb544f-129c-4292-8c20-4edf2fc8151e\"\n                aria-selected=\"false\"\n                aria-current=\"false\"\n                class=\"tab-nav__button\"\n                tabIndex=\"-1\"\n            >\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n                <span class=\"tab-nav__name\">Semestre 4<\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n    <section\n    id=\"tabpanel-74d543ed-7f28-400c-9d98-91c92feeeadf\"\n    aria-labelledby=\"tab-74d543ed-7f28-400c-9d98-91c92feeeadf\"\n    class=\"tab-panel fade hidden is-hidden\"\n>\n    <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-course-offer\">\n    <h3>Course offer for Semestre 1 (2025-2026 Winter)<\/h3>\n    \n<div id=\"accordion-module-6a143e5235799\" class=\"accordion accordion--theme\">\n            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52357d7\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Introduction to Digital History                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-66                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52357d7\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Introduction to Digital History<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-66<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l&#039;histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00a0                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a0By the end of this course you will be able to:<br>&#8211; Understand the impact of digitisation, computational processing and analysis on sources<br>&#8211; Ability to use common research tools for information management<br>&#8211; Familiarity with key debates on historical research practices in the digital age<br>&#8211; Basic knowledge of interactive notebooks and data visualisation<br>&#8211; Ability to critically engage with the output of contemporary generative AI<br>&#8211; Overview of new forms for the dissemination of historical knowledge                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a0This seminar explores how historical research, publication and teaching practices have changed due to mass digitisation, omnipresent access to computers and the internet, machine learning and AI. Students will critically reflect on these developments and learn how to benefit from them.<br>This course combines theoretical approaches with hands-on sessions. Students will be introduced to discussions on how digitisation challenges concepts such as source criticism, transparency and authenticity. They will learn to work with tools such as Zotero and Tropy for information management and become aware of how the politics of digitisation of cultural heritage institutions shape the data available to us. Machine learning techniques today add new layers of information to digitised and born-digital sources at previously unthinkable scales. Taking the example of newspaper and radio sources, students will explore the added value of<br>e.g. text reuse detection, topic modeling and named entity recognition. Interactive notebooks (Jupyter, Google Colab) change how historians conduct and publish their research by integrating code for data analysis, text and different types of media. Students will explore these new practices and take the Journal of Digital History as an example. ChatGPT and other large models for language and images are changing the ways in which we create texts and media, how we obtain and process information and thereby challenge existing modes for the production of knowledge. We will experiment with the opportunities offered by them and discuss the technical, epistemological, and ethical challenges inherent in their use for research and teaching. Finally, shifting to new forms of publication, teaching, and public engagement in the digital age, we will explore games, virtual exhibitions, tools like Omeka S and other forms of interactive historical storytelling.<br>Sessions will include elements of group discussion, (guest) lectures, work in small teams and individual work on concrete case studies using the introduced digital tools wherever possible. The course is designed to offer a gentle introduction to the tools and techniques described here, no technical skills are required at the onset.<br><br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        10 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Class participation<br>60 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Assignments during the course<br>30 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Final paper with reflections on digital history and lessons learned<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\u00a0<\/p><br><p>Bibliographie<\/p><br><p><br>D\u00fcring, Marten, and Estelle Bunout. \u201cFrom the Shelf to the Web, Exploring Historical Newspapers in the Digital Age.\u201d Ranke2. Source Criticism in the Digital Age. Accessed November 22, 2021. https:\/\/ranke2.uni.lu\/u\/exploring-historical-newspapers\/.<br>Hoekstra, Rik, and Marijn Koolen. \u201cData Scopes for Digital History Research.\u201d Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 52, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 79\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01615440.2018.1484676.<br>Nguyen, Dong, Maria Liakata, Simon DeDeo, Jacob Eisenstein, David Mimno, Rebekah Tromble, and Jane Winters. \u201cHow We Do Things With Words: Analyzing Text as Social and Cultural Data.\u201d Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 3 (2020). https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frai.2020.00062.<br>Putnam, Lara. \u201cThe Transnational and the Text-Searchable: Digitized Sources and the Shadows They Cast.\u201d The American Historical Review 121, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 377\u2013<br>402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ahr\/121.2.377.<br>Rygiel, Philippe. Historien \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge num\u00e9rique. Historien \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge num\u00e9rique. Papiers. Villeurbanne:Pressesdel\u2019enssib,2017.<br>https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/pressesenssib\/6303.<br>Stephens,\u00a0 Ty.\u00a0 \u201cFrom\u00a0 Punch\u00a0 Cards\u00a0 to\u00a0 ChatGPT.\u201d\u00a0 Medium,\u00a0 November\u00a0 1,2023.<br>https:\/\/towardsdatascience.com\/from-punch-cards-to-chatgpt-42c2a09ac01a.<br>Zaagsma, Gerben. \u201cDigital History and the Politics of Digitization.\u201d Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 830\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/llc\/fqac050.<br><\/p><br>\u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52357fe\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Tutorat 1\/4                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            1                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-146                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52357fe\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Tutorat 1\/4<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 1<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-146<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l&#039;histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of the tutorial, the students will have a toolkit of skills necessary to submit a good master thesis: developing a cutting-edge, relevant research question, scientific writing, in-depth source analysis, a reasonable structure for their research and the thesis, adequate methodological approaches, the ability to delimit relevant from purely interesting and redundant\u00a0information etc.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>The tutorial shall guide and support the students during the process of writing their master thesis. It aims to meet the students&#8217; needs and will, within the frame given below, thus be adaptable to their individual requirements.<\/p><p>* 1st semester: Academic working (1 ECTS)<br>\u2013 How to structure an academic research<br>\u2013 How to find suitable primary sources<br>\u2013 How to find suitable secondary literature<br>At the end of the first semester, the students have acquainted themselves with the historical field they would like to write their master thesis in. In order to achieve more clarity about the feasibility of the proposed topic and the state of research, they have consulted with qualified researchers at the 91短视频, who are experts in the chosen historical field.<\/p><p>* 2nd semester: Developing the research questions (1 ECTS)<br>\u2013 Specification and confirmation of the chosen topic<br>\u2013 Aspects of the proposed analysis<br>\u2013 Actors<br>\u2013 Identification of potential corpora of sources and\/or archival funds<br>\u2013 Review of general secondary literature on the chosen subject<br>At the end of the second semester, the students present their research questions and methodology. At this point, they will have found a supervisor for their master thesis, with whom they shall from now on be in frequent contact concerning the progress of their work.<\/p><p>* 3rd semester: Academic writing (1 ECTS) and research process (1 ECTS)<br>\u2013 Writing sessions for historians in English, French or German<br>\u2013 Focusing the research field, identifying obstacles and proposing solutions<br>\u2013 Sighting of the primary sources<br>\u2013 More precise review of secondary literature<br>At the end of the third semester, the students submit a written source analysis (ca. five pages), based on one or two of the primary sources they intend to use for their master thesis.<\/p><p>* 4th semester: Writing the master thesis (1 ECTS)<br>During the fourth semester, there will be only one mandatory tutorial meeting with all students: they will present their research results, and the oral presentation will be attended not only by all students, but as well by all supervisors of their master theses.<br>In addition, one-on-one meetings are possible if required, e.g. due to difficulties with source material or in the research, the writing process in general or the preparation of the defense.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        1 paper or presentation per semester + writing skills assessment.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5235818\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Concepts of change in the ancient world: the &quot;decline and fall&quot; of the Roman Empire                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-139                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5235818\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Concepts of change in the ancient world: the &quot;decline and fall&quot; of the Roman Empire<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-139<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 2 : Pratiques et perceptions du changement de l&#039;Antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9poque moderne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of the course, students should be able to<br>&#8211; describe the different aspects of change in the ancient world<br>&#8211; analyse the primary and secondary sources pertaining to the perception of events<br>&#8211; critically assess the term \u201cchange\u201d and be aware of special implications such as decline, progress, and crisis<br>&#8211; analyse the different reactions to changes, especially to disruptive changes, such as innovation, adaption or resistance<br>&#8211; find and critically use digital sources to gather, analyse, evaluate and visualise information.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The module will focus on the concept of \u201cthreatened order\u201d, i.e. it will reflect on the consequences of changes, especially the reactions on situations of crisis, disruptive changes or threatened social orders. Therefore, we will examine the relationship between threat and social change and reflect on societies\u2019 capacity for innovation, adaption or resistance.<br>The first course will focus on the late Roman Empire and the time of transition between Late Antiquity and the Early Medieval period. In this period, the Roman Empire underwent considerable social, cultural, economic and organizational change, beginning with the reign of the Emperor Diocletian up to the so-called Migration Period from the late 4th century onwards. The scholarly debate concentrates on the discussion whether these events are best described as \u201ccrisis\u201d or as \u201ctransition\u201d. Therefore, we will examine the different aspects of rupture, change and continuity in these periods and discuss the impact on the economy, the lifestyle, the mentality, urban development, and the social structure. On this basis, we may discuss the way people perceived these changes and react to the challenges of the time.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Oral presentation<br>30 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Short assignments during the course<br>50 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Written paper<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliography:\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><br><ul><br><li><br>Cameron, Avril, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XIII: The Late Empire Ad 337-425, Cambridge 1998, repr. 2001.\u00a0<\/li><br><li>Demandt, Alexander, Der Fall Roms. Die Aufl\u00f6sung des r\u00f6mischen Reiches im Urteil der Nachwelt. 2. aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage M\u00fcnchen 2014.\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>Liebesch\u00fctz, John, Decline and change in late antiquity. Aldershot 2006.\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>Marrou, Henri-Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e, D\u00e9cadence romaine ou Antiquit\u00e9 tardive? Paris 2011 (1st ed. 1977)<br><\/li><br><li>Ward-Perkins, Bryan, Der Untergang des R\u00f6mischen Reiches: und das Ende der Zivilisation. Darmstadt 2007.<br><\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e523582f\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Pour une histoire contemporaine des croisades entre Orient et Occident : traces, m\u00e9moires et instrumentalisations (Moyen \u00c2ge &#8211; XXIe s.)                 <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-68                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e523582f\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Pour une histoire contemporaine des croisades entre Orient et Occident : traces, m\u00e9moires et instrumentalisations (Moyen \u00c2ge &#8211; XXIe s.) <\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-68<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 3 : Europe et les autres<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00c0 la fin de ce cours, les \u00e9tudiant(e)s seront en mesure :<br>&#8211; de d\u00e9finir la notion de \u201ccroisade\u201d et d\u2019expliquer l\u2019\u00e9volution du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne des croisades dans leur contexte historique dans la longue dur\u00e9e ;<br>&#8211; de d\u00e9velopper une r\u00e9flexion d\u2019ordre historiographique sur la notion de \u201ccroisade\u201c et sur ses repr\u00e9sentations, du Moyen \u00c2ge \u00e0 nos jours ;<br>&#8211; de montrer l&#8217;\u00e9laboration de la m\u00e9moire des croisades \u00e0 travers un \u00e9l\u00e9ment historique choisi, de la cartographier et d&#8217;en saisir les traces (\u00ab vecteurs \u00bb), la symbolique et l&#8217;\u00e9volution jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 nos jours ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019utiliser de mani\u00e8re critique internet comme source pour faire une recherche sur la m\u00e9moire de la croisade (Orient et Occident) ;<br>&#8211; de contribuer \u00e0 travers la pr\u00e9sentation d\u2019un cas sp\u00e9cifique d\u2019instrumentalisation du pass\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un site internet sur le th\u00e8me de \u00ab Les croisades. Histoire et m\u00e9moire \u00bb, notamment \u00e0 travers la cartographie digitale;<br>&#8211; d\u2019analyser la construction d\u2019une image contemporaine des croisades pour la th\u00e9orie du \u201cchoc des civilisations\u201d.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Le s\u00e9minaire a pour objectif de situer le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne historique des croisades dans la longue dur\u00e9e, tant au niveau de l\u2019histoire qu\u2019\u00e0 celui de la m\u00e9moire des croisades. Il vise \u00e0 montrer comment le th\u00e8me des croisades est utilis\u00e9 et instrumentalis\u00e9 du Moyen Age \u00e0 nos jours, en particulier dans le cadre des relations de type conflictuel entre le monde occidental et le monde islamique. Le but du cours est donc triple :<\/p><p>&#8211; montrer comment est n\u00e9e et s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e au Moyen Age l\u2019id\u00e9e de la croisade et du djihad et donc l\u2019image d\u2019un antagonisme entre deux mondes, chr\u00e9tien et arabe ;<br>&#8211; d\u00e9velopper quelques exemples montrant la m\u00e9moire de la croisade au Moyen Age (enseignant et \u00e9tudiants) ;<br>&#8211; rechercher, analyser et pr\u00e9senter l\u2019utilisation et l\u2019instrumentalisation du th\u00e8me des croisades dans l\u2019actualit\u00e9 politique et culturelle des XIXe et XXIe si\u00e8cles, en particulier dans les d\u00e9bats autour des relations de type conflictuel entre l\u2019Occident et le monde islamique (dossiers de recherche des \u00e9tudiants).<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Articles \u00e0 commenter (contr\u00f4le continu)<br>10 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Participation orale \u00e0 la discussion des expos\u00e9s des \u00e9tudiants\u00a0<br>10 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Contribution orale et \u00e9crite au bilan<br>60%\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Dossier de recherche<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliographie:<\/p><br><p>Paul M. COBB, The Race for Paradise. An Islamic History of the Crusades, Oxford, 2014 (la vue de l\u2019Islam)<br>Felix HINZ (Hrsg.), Kreuzz\u00fcge des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Realhistorie &#8211; Geschichtskultur \u2013 Didaktik (Historische Europa-Studien 15), Hildeheim \u2013 Z\u00fcrich \u2013 New York, 2015 (la m\u00e9moire moderne et r\u00e9cente de la croisade et la place de la croisade dans l\u2019enseignement secondaire) Felix HINZ \u2013 Johannes MEYER-HAMME (Eds.), Controversial Histories \u2013 Current Views on the Crusades, Abingdon, 2021 (Que repr\u00e9sentent les croisades pour nous aujourd\u2019hui ?)<br>Thomas F. MADDEN (DIR.), Les croisades, Cologne, 2008 (pour entrer dans le sujet)<br>Jonathan RILEY-SMITH, The Crusades, Christianity and Islam, New York, 2008 (excellente analyse de l\u2018utilisation des croisades \u00e0 des fins politiques de 1800 \u00e0 2007)<br>Christopher TYERMAN, The Debate on the Crusades, Manchseter \u2013 New York, 2012 (apercu sur l\u2019historiographie des croisades)<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5235847\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 1\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-183                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5235847\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 1\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-183<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 4 : S\u00e9minaire <\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            En se basant sur les concepts de &#8220;conscience historique&#8221;, &#8220;image(s) de l&#8217;histoire&#8221; et &#8220;construction de l&#8217;espace historique personnel&#8221;, les \u00e9tudiants d\u00e9couvriront le champ de la pratique didactique de l&#8217;histoire. A la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiants sauront cr\u00e9er des unit\u00e9s d&#8217;apprentissage, menant une r\u00e9flexion sur la pratique de l\u2019enseignement et consid\u00e9rant les comp\u00e9tences escompt\u00e9es des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et autres apprenants. Ils seront port\u00e9s \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 appliquer des mod\u00e8les de comp\u00e9tences et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u2013 ceci \u00e0 partir de situations d&#8217;apprentissage concr\u00e8tes.<br>Tout au long du s\u00e9minaire, les \u00e9tudiants seront amen\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de l&#8217;apprentissage historique dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique. Le s\u00e9minaire propose une r\u00e9flexion critique par rapport aux diff\u00e9rentes approches et concepts des didactiques de l\u2019histoire. Il s&#8217;agit d\u2019apprendre ce qui fait la coh\u00e9rence (Triftigkeit) d&#8217;une repr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9v\u00e9nements pass\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, les \u00e9tudiants exploreront les diff\u00e9rentes formes de conscience historique que l&#8217;on peut trouver dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La concr\u00e9tisation didactique se fait \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;exemples de le\u00e7ons d&#8217;histoire sp\u00e9cifiques, mais aussi de le\u00e7ons portant sur la culture historique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (Education civique et sociale, Sciences sociales, Connaissance du monde contemporain etc.)<br>Dans un premier temps, les \u00e9tudiants apprendront \u00e0 interroger de mani\u00e8re critique leurs propres connaissances et interpr\u00e9tations historiques par rapport aux sources, concepts et r\u00e9cits qui les sous-tendent. Des th\u00e8mes de chaque \u00e9poque historique (Antiquit\u00e9, Moyen \u00c2ge, Temps Modernes, \u00c9poque contemporaine) seront abord\u00e9s en alternance, en choisissant des objets qui, d&#8217;une part, suscitent l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et, d&#8217;autre part, permettent un traitement fructueux dans une perspective didactique (par exemple des th\u00e8mes de l&#8217;histoire quotidienne, sociale, des mentalit\u00e9s, de la culture, des techniques et des r\u00e9gions). Les \u00e9tudiants s&#8217;exercent \u00e0 l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;outils didactiques, en s\u2019appuyant sur une lecture critique de la litt\u00e9rature sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Au cours des trois semestres, cette approche sera approfondie.<br>Des stages d\u2019observation dans des lyc\u00e9es seront offerts au 2e semestre et accompagn\u00e9s par le responsable du cours. Par ailleurs, des excursions seront propos\u00e9es pour explorer comment enseigner l&#8217;histoire en dehors de l&#8217;\u00e9cole et comment int\u00e9grer dans la pratique didactique des objets du quotidien et des objets d&#8217;art en tant que sources mat\u00e9rielles de connaissance historique. Le s\u00e9minaire permettra ainsi aux \u00e9tudiants d\u2019aiguiser leur conscience du temps (Zeitbewusstsein) et leur conscience historique (Geschichtsbewusstsein) \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;objets de la vie quotidienne et \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les exp\u00e9riences de continuit\u00e9 et d&#8217;alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans le cadre d&#8217;un travail historique.<br><br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00c0 la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant-e-s seront capables<br>&#8211; de mobiliser leurs connaissances dans les domaines de la discipline, de la didactique et de l\u2019\u00e9pist\u00e9mologie historiques pour pr\u00e9parer des situations d&#8217;enseignement\/apprentissage en histoire ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019\u00e9laborer, de pr\u00e9senter et d\u2019analyser un dispositif d\u2019enseignement\/d\u2019apprentissage en histoire ;<br>&#8211; de justifier sur le plan th\u00e9orique les situations d&#8217;apprentissage planifi\u00e9es et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es;<br>&#8211; d&#8217;\u00e9tablir des liens entre th\u00e9orie et pratique ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019avoir une r\u00e9flexion critique sur l&#8217;apprentissage historique, et les opportunit\u00e9s et limites des diff\u00e9rentes formes de transmission de l&#8217;histoire<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>1er semestre<\/p><br><p>60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;enseignement- apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la planification pratique et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de l\u2019histoire<\/p>2\u00e8me semestre<br>60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;enseignement- apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire. Cette planification sera pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement mise en pratique pendant le stage.<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la mise en pratique pendant le stage et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire 20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de<br>l\u2019histoire<br>3\u00e8me semestre (projet)<br>60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une ou plusieurs s\u00e9quences d&#8217;enseignement-apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la planification pratique et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de l\u2019histoire.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br>Bibliographie<br><\/p><br><p><br>Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, La construction de l\u2019espace historique personnel : l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l\u2019Histoire comme outil interculturel transversal, 2024 (article \u00e0 para\u00eetre)<br><\/p><br><p><br>Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, Historische Erfahrung? Vom Erleiden zum Handeln. Historisches Lernen als Konstruktion des pers\u00f6nlichen historischen Raumes; in:<br><\/p><br>Historische Erfahrung, \u00e9d. par J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Lale Yildirim, Frankfurt am Main, 2022, p. 279-293<br><br>J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Thomas Must \/ Lars Deile \/ Peter Riedel \/ Susan Krause \/ Wanda Sch\u00fcrenberg (\u00e9ds.), Geschichtsdidaktische Grundbegriffe: ein Bilderbuch f\u00fcr Studium, Lehre und Beruf, Hannover, 2020<br><br>Ulrich Mayer \/ Hans-J\u00fcrgen Pandel \/ Gerhard Schneider \/ Bernd Sch\u00f6nemann (\u00e9ds.), W\u00f6rterbuch Geschichtsdidaktik, Frankfurt am Main, 2022<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden, Geschichte ist Bewusstsein. Historie einer geschichtswissenschaftli- chen Fundamentalkategorie, Frankfurt am Main, 2018                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e523585e\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 1\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-189                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e523585e\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 1\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-189<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 4 : S\u00e9minaire <\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            -Ma\u00eetrise approfondie de l\u2019historiographie de la d\u00e9mocratie repr\u00e9sentative en Europe occidentale<br>-D\u00e9veloppement de connaissances en mati\u00e8re d\u2019histoire institutionnelle et parlementaire<br>-Aptitude \u00e0 analyser et critiquer des sources vari\u00e9es (parlementaires, presse, orales, \u2026) et r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019herm\u00e9neutique<br>-Familiarisation avec l\u2019approche comparatiste en Histoire<br>-R\u00e9alisation de travaux de recherche personnels contribuant de mani\u00e8re substantielle \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du parlementarisme au Luxembourg<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Le s\u00e9minaire de recherche se d\u00e9roule sur trois semestres et offre un apprentissage progressif.<br>Le premier semestre permettra d\u2019aborder l\u2019historiographie et les concepts de l\u2019histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale et au Luxembourg en particulier. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9.es \u00e0 lire, pr\u00e9senter et discuter des textes fondamentaux dans le domaine ainsi que dans le domaine de l\u2019Histoire compar\u00e9e. Du point de vue du contenu, l\u2019accent est mis sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019institution parlementaire et de ses acteurs et non pas, comme ce fut r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le cas dans l\u2019historiographie luxembourgeoise existante, sur les grands d\u00e9bats politiques.<br>Le second semestre sera consacr\u00e9 au travail avec les sources sur le parlementarisme et son \u00e9volution au Luxembourg. En coop\u00e9ration avec les archives de la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s s\u2019interrogeront sur le profil socio-politique des d\u00e9put\u00e9s depuis 1919, sur l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire et sur la mise en place progressive d\u2019une administration du Parlement. Une attention particuli\u00e8re sera donn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identification des transferts potentiels entre le Luxembourg et ses voisins en mati\u00e8re d\u2019organisation de la vie parlementaire. L\u2019analyse de ces sources et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une probl\u00e9matique pour le travail final concluront ce semestre.<br>Le troisi\u00e8me semestre sera celui de la production d\u2019un travail de recherche historique. Celui-ci devra comprendre une comparaison un avec autre pays de l\u2019Europe occidentale, \u00e9tablie sur base de la litt\u00e9rature scientifique. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter leur projet personnel durant le semestre.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>1er semestre<br>50 % Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte en rapport avec la m\u00e9thodologie en Histoire parlementaire ou en Histoire compar\u00e9e<br>50 %Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte sur l\u2019Histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale ou au Luxembourg<br>2nd semestre<br>70% R\u00e9daction de courtes notices (1000 mots) sur la socio-biographie de parlementaires ou sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire.<br>30% Elaboration de la probl\u00e9matique du travail personnel<\/p><br><p>3\u00e8me semestre (projet d\u2019exposition)<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation orale de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019avancement du travail personnel<br>80% Travail final (environ 6000 mots + bibliographie)<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences plus sp\u00e9cifiques et compl\u00e8tes seront fournies chaque semestre.<br>Nicolas Als et Robert L. Philippart, La Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s : histoire et lieux de travail, Luxembourg, 1994.<br>Claude Frieseisen, Marie-Paule Jungblut et Michel Pauly (\u00e9ds), La volont\u00e9 de la Chambre qui est la volont\u00e9 du pays. Un floril\u00e8ge des d\u00e9bats parlementaires luxembourgeois (1848- 2008), Luxembourg, 2019.<br>Marnix Beyen et Henk te Velde, Passion and reason: modern parliaments in the Low Countries, in : Pasi Ihalainen, Cornelia Ilie et Kari Palonen (\u00e9ds), Parliament and parliamentarism: a comparative history of a European concept, New York, 2016, p. 81- 96.<br>Jean Garrigues (\u00e9d.), Histoire du Parlement: De 1789 \u00e0 nos jours, Paris 2007.<br>Un parlementarisme allemand ?, in : Parlement[s], Revue d&#8217;histoire politique 21\/1 (2014). Elise Julien, Le comparatisme en histoire. Rappels historiographiques et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, in : Hypoth\u00e8ses 2004 (=Hypoth\u00e8ses, 2005\/1, p. 191-201).<\/p><br><p>Hartmut Kaelble, Historical Comparison. Version: 2, in : Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte, 15.11.2024 (https:\/\/docupedia.de\/zg\/kaelble_historical_comparison_v2_en_2024\u00a0<\/p><br><p>DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14765\/zzf.dok-2832)<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5235874\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire de l&#039;int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne (1919-1993)                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-142                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5235874\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire de l&#039;int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne (1919-1993)<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-142<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 5 : Histoire de l&#039;Europe (XIX\u00e8me &#8211; XXI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle)<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> <\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            Au terme de cet enseignement les \u00e9tudiants\/\u00e9tudiantes devront \u00eatre en mesure :<br>&#8211; de comprendre, dans leurs \u00e9volutions et leurs interactions complexes, les premi\u00e8res id\u00e9es et initiatives de l\u2019organisation de l\u2019Europe, le cadre historique g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et les principales questions qui ont marqu\u00e9 l\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne depuis le d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle jusqu\u2019aux ann\u00e9es 1990<br>&#8211; de ma\u00eetriser, du point de vue historique et prospectif, les processus politique et institutionnel de l\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne (gen\u00e8se, \u00e9volution, interrelations, structures, m\u00e9canismes, acteurs, etc.)<br>&#8211; de cerner le r\u00f4le du Grand-Duch\u00e9 de Luxembourg dans la construction europ\u00e9enne<br>&#8211; de distinguer des approches th\u00e9oriques et m\u00e9thodologiques de l\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne, en tenant compte de traditions disciplinaires et de contextes nationaux<br>&#8211; de d\u00e9velopper la capacit\u00e9 de questionnement et d\u2019analyse critique en lien avec les diff\u00e9rents concepts et approches historiques de l\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne<br>&#8211; d\u2019utiliser et d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter des sources primaires num\u00e9riques multim\u00e9dia (textes, images, son) relatives au processus de la construction europ\u00e9enne, ainsi que des m\u00e9thodes et outils num\u00e9riques d\u2019analyse et de visualisation<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Ce cours retrace, sous l\u2019angle politique et institutionnel, l\u2019histoire de la construction europ\u00e9enne depuis le d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle jusqu\u2019au trait\u00e9 de Maastricht en 1993. L\u2019espace cibl\u00e9 est l\u2019ensemble du continent europ\u00e9en, o\u00f9 le mod\u00e8le d\u2019int\u00e9gration ouest-europ\u00e9en a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 avec le mod\u00e8le sovi\u00e9tique.<br>On reviendra d\u2019abord sur la g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie de l\u2019id\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne dans le temps long, sur les questions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la Grande Guerre (1914) et \u00e0 ses cons\u00e9quences, dont notamment le trait\u00e9 de Versailles, sur les moments-cl\u00e9s dans les relations internationales \u00e9conomiques, financi\u00e8re et mon\u00e9taires) qui y ont suivis, avant d\u2019aborder l\u2019organisation de l\u2019Europe apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale et l\u2019\u00e9mergence des premi\u00e8res organisations europ\u00e9ennes (OECE, Conseil de l\u2019Europe). Cantonn\u00e9e dans un premier temps au domaine \u00e9conomique dans la foul\u00e9e de la d\u00e9claration Schuman de 1950 (CECA) et des trait\u00e9s de Rome de 1957 (CEE, CEEA\/Euratom) en raison des \u00e9checs des premi\u00e8res tentatives politiques (CED, CPE), l\u2019Europe politique se d\u00e9veloppe progressivement pour donner naissance \u00e0 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne en 1993. On se focalisera notamment sur les principales institutions europ\u00e9ennes (Parlement europ\u00e9en, Commission europ\u00e9enne, Conseil, Cour de Justice de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, Cour de comptes de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne), leurs logiques internes, leurs comp\u00e9tences, interactions, convergences et contradictions, ainsi que le r\u00f4le des principaux acteurs y impliqu\u00e9s. Sur le plan m\u00e9thodologique, l\u2019appel aux sources primaires et aux m\u00e9thodes et outils d\u2019analyse et visualisation num\u00e9riques permettra de renouveler la d\u00e9marche historique et de rendre plus accessible la complexit\u00e9 et les enjeux de la construction europ\u00e9enne.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        10 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Participation active au cours\u00a0<br>20 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Expos\u00e9 oral\u00a0<br>30 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Essai \u00e9crit\u00a0\u00a0<br>40 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Projet d\u2019histoire orale\u00a0<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliographie:<\/p><br><p>&#8211; ABELES, Marc (2013). \u00ab Construction europ\u00e9enne, d\u00e9mocratie et historicit\u00e9 \u00bb. In Vingti\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle : Revue d\u2019histoire 117, pp.57-68.- BITSCH Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se (2004). Histoire de la construction europ\u00e9enne de 1945 \u00e0 nos jours.Bruxelles : \u00c9ditions Complexe.- DEDMAN, Martin (2014) The Origins Development of the European Union: 1945-2008. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge.- DINAN, Desmond (2014). Europe Recast: A History of European Union. 2nd Edition. London: Red Globe Press.- DUMOULIN, Michel et al (2014-2019). La Commission europ\u00e9enne (1958-1972), (1973-1986) et (1986-2000). Histoire et m\u00e9moire d\u2019une institution. Luxembourg : Office des Publications de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne.- DUROSELLE Jean-Baptiste (2011). Histoire des relations internationales, Vol. II. Paris: Armand Colin.- FEATHERSTONE, Kevin and RADAELLI Claudio (eds) (2003). The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.- FRANCOIS, \u00c9tienne et SERRIER, Thomas (2017). Europa, notre histoire : l\u2019h\u00e9ritage europ\u00e9en depuis Hom\u00e8re. Paris : Les Ar\u00e8nes.- GERBET, Pierre ; BOSSUAT, G\u00e9rard ; GROSBOIS, Thierry (2009). Dictionnaire historique de l\u2019Europe unie. Bruxelles: \u00c9ditions Andr\u00e9 Versailles.- HIX, Simon and Bj\u00f8rn H\u00f8YLAND (2011). The Political System of the European Union.Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan- LEBOUTTE, Ren\u00e9 (2008). Histoire \u00e9conomique et sociale de la construction europ\u00e9enne, Bruxelles: PIE Peter Lang.- MAGALHAES, Diogo (2020). European Integration Theory and Brexit \u2013 A Fairytale no Longer? Source: https:\/\/www.europenowjournal.org\/2020\/01\/15\/european-integration- theory-and-brexit-a-fairytale-no-longer\/- MAGNETTE, Paul (2018). Le r\u00e9gime politique de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. 4e \u00e9dition mise \u00e0 jour et augment\u00e9e. Paris : Sciences Po Les Presses.- MILWARD, Alan S. (1992). The European Rescue of the Nation-State. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge.- MILWARD, Alan S. (1987). The Reconstruction of Western Europe: 1945-1951. London: Routledge.- RIDDERVORD, Marianne and NEWSOME, Akasemi (2018). \u201cTransatlantic relations in times of uncertainty: crises and EU-US relations\u201d. In Journal of European Integration 40:5, pp. 505-521.- SMITH, Andy (2000). \u201cInstitutions et int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne. Une m\u00e9thode de recherche pour un objet probl\u00e9matis\u00e9\u201c. In Les m\u00e9thodes au concret. D\u00e9marches, formes de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et terrains d\u2019investigation en sciences politiques (Ed. CURAPP), Paris : PUF, pp. 229-252- SCHIRMANN Sylvain (2006). Quel ordre europ\u00e9en: de Versailles \u00e0 la chute du IIIe Reich.Paris : Armand Colin.<\/p><br><p>&#8211; E-ressources : http:\/\/www.eui.eu\/Research\/Library\/ElectronicResources\/Index.aspx<\/p><br><p>&#8211; Sources primaires :<\/p>http:\/\/www.cvce.eu<br>http:\/\/aei.pitt.edu\/<br>https:\/\/archives.eui.eu\/en\/oral_history\/<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e523588b\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                European memories in the digital era                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-190                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e523588b\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> European memories in the digital era<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-190<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 6 : D\u00e9bats, circulations et int\u00e9gration<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN, FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Upon completing this course, students will have acquired the following skills:<br><ul><br>Fundamental knowledge of memory studies and digital memory studies;<br>The ability to question, critique, and recontextualize major mediated memory debates in Luxembourg, in the countries bordering the Grand Duchy, and at the European level;<br>The ability to assess AI-driven discourses about the past.<br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Since Maurice Halbwachs&#8217; foundational work in the interwar period and then Pierre Nora&#8217;s in the 1970s and 1980s, memory studies have become largely internationalized. This course will focus on the transdisciplinary fundamentals of memory studies, their historiography, and will then orient towards digital memory studies and their applications to European societies. We will insist more particularly on Generative Al and their &#8220;embeded&#8221; views on the past. This course will particularly examine the new role of Generative Al-driven chatbots and image generation platforms in shaping our collective memory.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Students will choose a topic related to the past with a collective memory dimension. They will choose one or more AI chatbots (text) or image generation platforms and carry out an evaluation of the vision(s) of the past underlying the AI-platform\u2019s responses. They will explain their methodology, which will be based on the articles we will read and comment on in class. The use of open weights or open-source models will be possible too. Part of this assignment will be done in class, during the hands-on sessions. These sessions will help students, through collaborative work, to define appropriate methodologies for their assignment, including learning about prompting techniques or based on voluntary action, the use of programming.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        In addition to classic authors (Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Nora, Henry Rousso, Jan<br>Assmann<br>, Aleida<br>Assmann<br>), for a short and synthetic general introduction, consult:<br><ul><br>Tamm, Marek. &#8220;Beyond History and Memory: New Perspectives in Memory Studies.&#8221; History Compass, vol. II, no. 6,2013,<br>pP.<br>458-73.<br>More complete information will be provided in each session.<br>The following works will be of general interest for the course:<br>Gensburger<br>, Sarah, et al. Beyond Memory: Can We Really Learn From the Past? Palgrave Pivot, 2020.<br>Hoskins, Andrew, ed. Digital memory studies: media pasts in transition. Routledge, 2018.<br>Gensburger<br>, Sarah, and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric<br>Clavert<br>. &#8220;Is Artificial Intelligence the Future of Collective Memory?&#8221;. Memory Studies Review, vol. 1, no. 2, Dec. 2024.<br><\/ul><br>On Luxembourg:<br><ul><br>Majerus, Beno\u00eet, et al. D\u00e9passer le cadre national des lieux de m\u00e9moire \/ Nationale<br>Erinnerungsorte<br>hinterfragt<br>: Innovations m\u00e9thodologiques, approches comparatives, lectures transnationales \/<br>Methodologische<br>Innovationen,vergleichende<br>Ann\u00e4herungen<br>, transnationale<br>Lekt\u00fcren<br>. Peter Lang, 2009.<br><\/ul><br>91短视频 Europe:<br><ul><br>Cadot, Christine. M\u00e9moires collectives europ\u00e9ennes. PU Vincennes, 2019<br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52358a2\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire des coop\u00e9rations transfrontali\u00e8res en Europe                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-87                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52358a2\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire des coop\u00e9rations transfrontali\u00e8res en Europe<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-87<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 7 : Regards diff\u00e9r\u00e9s sur la construction europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            A la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant.e.s seront en mesure de :<br>&#8211; poser un regard critique sur les approches historiques de la coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re en Europe.<br>&#8211; d\u00e9velopper une approche personnelle de l\u2019analyse historique de la coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re sur base d\u2019une \u00e9tude de cas.<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Pendant longtemps, les historien.ne.s ont laiss\u00e9 aux acteurs, ainsi qu\u2019aux juristes et aux autres disciplines des sciences sociales l\u2019analyse de la coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re. Leurs travaux concernaient souvent les motivations et les repr\u00e9sentations de l\u2019Autre sous-tendant la coop\u00e9ration transfrontali\u00e8re mais interrogeaient rarement la coop\u00e9ration elle-m\u00eame.<br>Le cours se propose de fournir et de discuter avec les \u00e9tudiant.e.s les approches historiques de la coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re en Europe, en les pla\u00e7ant en dialogue avec l\u2019historiographie de l\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne et les discours sur une \u00ab Europe des r\u00e9gions \u00bb. Par ailleurs, le cours regarde les formes de coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re en Europe occidentale et en Europe de l\u2019Est, approchant et comparant ainsi des formes de spatialisation et temporalit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentes. Le cours est organis\u00e9 en coop\u00e9ration avec Professeure Birte Wassenberg (Sciences Po, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg).<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Pr\u00e9sentation aux cours\u00a0<br>80 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Travail final<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliographie:<\/p><br><p>&#8211; Joachim Beck (\u00e9d.), Transdisciplinary Discourses on Cross-Border Cooperation in Europe, Bruxelles, Peter Lang, 2019;<br>&#8211; Birte Wassenberg et Bernard Reitel (\u00e9ds), Critical Dictionary on Borders, Cross-Border Cooperation and European Integration, Bruxelles, Peter Lang, 2020.<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52358ba\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                European memories in the digital era                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-190                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52358ba\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> European memories in the digital era<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-190<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN, FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Upon completing this course, students will have acquired the following skills:<br><ul><br>Fundamental knowledge of memory studies and digital memory studies;<br>The ability to question, critique, and recontextualize major mediated memory debates in Luxembourg, in the countries bordering the Grand Duchy, and at the European level;<br>The ability to assess AI-driven discourses about the past.<br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Since Maurice Halbwachs&#8217; foundational work in the interwar period and then Pierre Nora&#8217;s in the 1970s and 1980s, memory studies have become largely internationalized. This course will focus on the transdisciplinary fundamentals of memory studies, their historiography, and will then orient towards digital memory studies and their applications to European societies. We will insist more particularly on Generative Al and their &#8220;embeded&#8221; views on the past. This course will particularly examine the new role of Generative Al-driven chatbots and image generation platforms in shaping our collective memory.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Students will choose a topic related to the past with a collective memory dimension. They will choose one or more AI chatbots (text) or image generation platforms and carry out an evaluation of the vision(s) of the past underlying the AI-platform\u2019s responses. They will explain their methodology, which will be based on the articles we will read and comment on in class. The use of open weights or open-source models will be possible too. Part of this assignment will be done in class, during the hands-on sessions. These sessions will help students, through collaborative work, to define appropriate methodologies for their assignment, including learning about prompting techniques or based on voluntary action, the use of programming.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        In addition to classic authors (Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Nora, Henry Rousso, Jan<br>Assmann<br>, Aleida<br>Assmann<br>), for a short and synthetic general introduction, consult:<br><ul><br>Tamm, Marek. &#8220;Beyond History and Memory: New Perspectives in Memory Studies.&#8221; History Compass, vol. II, no. 6,2013,<br>pP.<br>458-73.<br>More complete information will be provided in each session.<br>The following works will be of general interest for the course:<br>Gensburger<br>, Sarah, et al. Beyond Memory: Can We Really Learn From the Past? Palgrave Pivot, 2020.<br>Hoskins, Andrew, ed. Digital memory studies: media pasts in transition. Routledge, 2018.<br>Gensburger<br>, Sarah, and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric<br>Clavert<br>. &#8220;Is Artificial Intelligence the Future of Collective Memory?&#8221;. Memory Studies Review, vol. 1, no. 2, Dec. 2024.<br><\/ul><br>On Luxembourg:<br><ul><br>Majerus, Beno\u00eet, et al. D\u00e9passer le cadre national des lieux de m\u00e9moire \/ Nationale<br>Erinnerungsorte<br>hinterfragt<br>: Innovations m\u00e9thodologiques, approches comparatives, lectures transnationales \/<br>Methodologische<br>Innovationen,vergleichende<br>Ann\u00e4herungen<br>, transnationale<br>Lekt\u00fcren<br>. Peter Lang, 2009.<br><\/ul><br>91短视频 Europe:<br><ul><br>Cadot, Christine. M\u00e9moires collectives europ\u00e9ennes. PU Vincennes, 2019<br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52358d2\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Pratiques, enjeux et \u00e9critures de l\u2019histoire aux 20e  et 21e si\u00e8cles                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-191                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52358d2\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Pratiques, enjeux et \u00e9critures de l\u2019histoire aux 20e  et 21e si\u00e8cles<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-191<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52358e8\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Concepts of change in the ancient world: the &quot;decline and fall&quot; of the Roman Empire                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-139                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52358e8\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Concepts of change in the ancient world: the &quot;decline and fall&quot; of the Roman Empire<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-139<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of the course, students should be able to<br>&#8211; describe the different aspects of change in the ancient world<br>&#8211; analyse the primary and secondary sources pertaining to the perception of events<br>&#8211; critically assess the term \u201cchange\u201d and be aware of special implications such as decline, progress, and crisis<br>&#8211; analyse the different reactions to changes, especially to disruptive changes, such as innovation, adaption or resistance<br>&#8211; find and critically use digital sources to gather, analyse, evaluate and visualise information.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The module will focus on the concept of \u201cthreatened order\u201d, i.e. it will reflect on the consequences of changes, especially the reactions on situations of crisis, disruptive changes or threatened social orders. Therefore, we will examine the relationship between threat and social change and reflect on societies\u2019 capacity for innovation, adaption or resistance.<br>The first course will focus on the late Roman Empire and the time of transition between Late Antiquity and the Early Medieval period. In this period, the Roman Empire underwent considerable social, cultural, economic and organizational change, beginning with the reign of the Emperor Diocletian up to the so-called Migration Period from the late 4th century onwards. The scholarly debate concentrates on the discussion whether these events are best described as \u201ccrisis\u201d or as \u201ctransition\u201d. Therefore, we will examine the different aspects of rupture, change and continuity in these periods and discuss the impact on the economy, the lifestyle, the mentality, urban development, and the social structure. On this basis, we may discuss the way people perceived these changes and react to the challenges of the time.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Oral presentation<br>30 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Short assignments during the course<br>50 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Written paper<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliography:\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><br><ul><br><li><br>Cameron, Avril, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XIII: The Late Empire Ad 337-425, Cambridge 1998, repr. 2001.\u00a0<\/li><br><li>Demandt, Alexander, Der Fall Roms. Die Aufl\u00f6sung des r\u00f6mischen Reiches im Urteil der Nachwelt. 2. aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage M\u00fcnchen 2014.\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>Liebesch\u00fctz, John, Decline and change in late antiquity. Aldershot 2006.\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>Marrou, Henri-Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e, D\u00e9cadence romaine ou Antiquit\u00e9 tardive? Paris 2011 (1st ed. 1977)<br><\/li><br><li>Ward-Perkins, Bryan, Der Untergang des R\u00f6mischen Reiches: und das Ende der Zivilisation. Darmstadt 2007.<br><\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5235907\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire des coop\u00e9rations transfrontali\u00e8res en Europe                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-87                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5235907\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire des coop\u00e9rations transfrontali\u00e8res en Europe<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-87<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            A la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant.e.s seront en mesure de :<br>&#8211; poser un regard critique sur les approches historiques de la coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re en Europe.<br>&#8211; d\u00e9velopper une approche personnelle de l\u2019analyse historique de la coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re sur base d\u2019une \u00e9tude de cas.<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Pendant longtemps, les historien.ne.s ont laiss\u00e9 aux acteurs, ainsi qu\u2019aux juristes et aux autres disciplines des sciences sociales l\u2019analyse de la coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re. Leurs travaux concernaient souvent les motivations et les repr\u00e9sentations de l\u2019Autre sous-tendant la coop\u00e9ration transfrontali\u00e8re mais interrogeaient rarement la coop\u00e9ration elle-m\u00eame.<br>Le cours se propose de fournir et de discuter avec les \u00e9tudiant.e.s les approches historiques de la coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re en Europe, en les pla\u00e7ant en dialogue avec l\u2019historiographie de l\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne et les discours sur une \u00ab Europe des r\u00e9gions \u00bb. Par ailleurs, le cours regarde les formes de coop\u00e9ration frontali\u00e8re en Europe occidentale et en Europe de l\u2019Est, approchant et comparant ainsi des formes de spatialisation et temporalit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentes. Le cours est organis\u00e9 en coop\u00e9ration avec Professeure Birte Wassenberg (Sciences Po, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg).<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Pr\u00e9sentation aux cours\u00a0<br>80 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Travail final<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliographie:<\/p><br><p>&#8211; Joachim Beck (\u00e9d.), Transdisciplinary Discourses on Cross-Border Cooperation in Europe, Bruxelles, Peter Lang, 2019;<br>&#8211; Birte Wassenberg et Bernard Reitel (\u00e9ds), Critical Dictionary on Borders, Cross-Border Cooperation and European Integration, Bruxelles, Peter Lang, 2020.<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e523591d\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Pour une histoire contemporaine des croisades entre Orient et Occident : traces, m\u00e9moires et instrumentalisations (Moyen \u00c2ge &#8211; XXIe s.)                 <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-68                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e523591d\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Pour une histoire contemporaine des croisades entre Orient et Occident : traces, m\u00e9moires et instrumentalisations (Moyen \u00c2ge &#8211; XXIe s.) <\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-68<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00c0 la fin de ce cours, les \u00e9tudiant(e)s seront en mesure :<br>&#8211; de d\u00e9finir la notion de \u201ccroisade\u201d et d\u2019expliquer l\u2019\u00e9volution du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne des croisades dans leur contexte historique dans la longue dur\u00e9e ;<br>&#8211; de d\u00e9velopper une r\u00e9flexion d\u2019ordre historiographique sur la notion de \u201ccroisade\u201c et sur ses repr\u00e9sentations, du Moyen \u00c2ge \u00e0 nos jours ;<br>&#8211; de montrer l&#8217;\u00e9laboration de la m\u00e9moire des croisades \u00e0 travers un \u00e9l\u00e9ment historique choisi, de la cartographier et d&#8217;en saisir les traces (\u00ab vecteurs \u00bb), la symbolique et l&#8217;\u00e9volution jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 nos jours ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019utiliser de mani\u00e8re critique internet comme source pour faire une recherche sur la m\u00e9moire de la croisade (Orient et Occident) ;<br>&#8211; de contribuer \u00e0 travers la pr\u00e9sentation d\u2019un cas sp\u00e9cifique d\u2019instrumentalisation du pass\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un site internet sur le th\u00e8me de \u00ab Les croisades. Histoire et m\u00e9moire \u00bb, notamment \u00e0 travers la cartographie digitale;<br>&#8211; d\u2019analyser la construction d\u2019une image contemporaine des croisades pour la th\u00e9orie du \u201cchoc des civilisations\u201d.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Le s\u00e9minaire a pour objectif de situer le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne historique des croisades dans la longue dur\u00e9e, tant au niveau de l\u2019histoire qu\u2019\u00e0 celui de la m\u00e9moire des croisades. Il vise \u00e0 montrer comment le th\u00e8me des croisades est utilis\u00e9 et instrumentalis\u00e9 du Moyen Age \u00e0 nos jours, en particulier dans le cadre des relations de type conflictuel entre le monde occidental et le monde islamique. Le but du cours est donc triple :<\/p><p>&#8211; montrer comment est n\u00e9e et s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e au Moyen Age l\u2019id\u00e9e de la croisade et du djihad et donc l\u2019image d\u2019un antagonisme entre deux mondes, chr\u00e9tien et arabe ;<br>&#8211; d\u00e9velopper quelques exemples montrant la m\u00e9moire de la croisade au Moyen Age (enseignant et \u00e9tudiants) ;<br>&#8211; rechercher, analyser et pr\u00e9senter l\u2019utilisation et l\u2019instrumentalisation du th\u00e8me des croisades dans l\u2019actualit\u00e9 politique et culturelle des XIXe et XXIe si\u00e8cles, en particulier dans les d\u00e9bats autour des relations de type conflictuel entre l\u2019Occident et le monde islamique (dossiers de recherche des \u00e9tudiants).<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Articles \u00e0 commenter (contr\u00f4le continu)<br>10 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Participation orale \u00e0 la discussion des expos\u00e9s des \u00e9tudiants\u00a0<br>10 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Contribution orale et \u00e9crite au bilan<br>60%\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Dossier de recherche<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliographie:<\/p><br><p>Paul M. COBB, The Race for Paradise. An Islamic History of the Crusades, Oxford, 2014 (la vue de l\u2019Islam)<br>Felix HINZ (Hrsg.), Kreuzz\u00fcge des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Realhistorie &#8211; Geschichtskultur \u2013 Didaktik (Historische Europa-Studien 15), Hildeheim \u2013 Z\u00fcrich \u2013 New York, 2015 (la m\u00e9moire moderne et r\u00e9cente de la croisade et la place de la croisade dans l\u2019enseignement secondaire) Felix HINZ \u2013 Johannes MEYER-HAMME (Eds.), Controversial Histories \u2013 Current Views on the Crusades, Abingdon, 2021 (Que repr\u00e9sentent les croisades pour nous aujourd\u2019hui ?)<br>Thomas F. MADDEN (DIR.), Les croisades, Cologne, 2008 (pour entrer dans le sujet)<br>Jonathan RILEY-SMITH, The Crusades, Christianity and Islam, New York, 2008 (excellente analyse de l\u2018utilisation des croisades \u00e0 des fins politiques de 1800 \u00e0 2007)<br>Christopher TYERMAN, The Debate on the Crusades, Manchseter \u2013 New York, 2012 (apercu sur l\u2019historiographie des croisades)<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5235934\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 1\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-183                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5235934\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 1\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-183<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            En se basant sur les concepts de &#8220;conscience historique&#8221;, &#8220;image(s) de l&#8217;histoire&#8221; et &#8220;construction de l&#8217;espace historique personnel&#8221;, les \u00e9tudiants d\u00e9couvriront le champ de la pratique didactique de l&#8217;histoire. A la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiants sauront cr\u00e9er des unit\u00e9s d&#8217;apprentissage, menant une r\u00e9flexion sur la pratique de l\u2019enseignement et consid\u00e9rant les comp\u00e9tences escompt\u00e9es des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et autres apprenants. Ils seront port\u00e9s \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 appliquer des mod\u00e8les de comp\u00e9tences et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u2013 ceci \u00e0 partir de situations d&#8217;apprentissage concr\u00e8tes.<br>Tout au long du s\u00e9minaire, les \u00e9tudiants seront amen\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de l&#8217;apprentissage historique dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique. Le s\u00e9minaire propose une r\u00e9flexion critique par rapport aux diff\u00e9rentes approches et concepts des didactiques de l\u2019histoire. Il s&#8217;agit d\u2019apprendre ce qui fait la coh\u00e9rence (Triftigkeit) d&#8217;une repr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9v\u00e9nements pass\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, les \u00e9tudiants exploreront les diff\u00e9rentes formes de conscience historique que l&#8217;on peut trouver dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La concr\u00e9tisation didactique se fait \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;exemples de le\u00e7ons d&#8217;histoire sp\u00e9cifiques, mais aussi de le\u00e7ons portant sur la culture historique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (Education civique et sociale, Sciences sociales, Connaissance du monde contemporain etc.)<br>Dans un premier temps, les \u00e9tudiants apprendront \u00e0 interroger de mani\u00e8re critique leurs propres connaissances et interpr\u00e9tations historiques par rapport aux sources, concepts et r\u00e9cits qui les sous-tendent. Des th\u00e8mes de chaque \u00e9poque historique (Antiquit\u00e9, Moyen \u00c2ge, Temps Modernes, \u00c9poque contemporaine) seront abord\u00e9s en alternance, en choisissant des objets qui, d&#8217;une part, suscitent l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et, d&#8217;autre part, permettent un traitement fructueux dans une perspective didactique (par exemple des th\u00e8mes de l&#8217;histoire quotidienne, sociale, des mentalit\u00e9s, de la culture, des techniques et des r\u00e9gions). Les \u00e9tudiants s&#8217;exercent \u00e0 l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;outils didactiques, en s\u2019appuyant sur une lecture critique de la litt\u00e9rature sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Au cours des trois semestres, cette approche sera approfondie.<br>Des stages d\u2019observation dans des lyc\u00e9es seront offerts au 2e semestre et accompagn\u00e9s par le responsable du cours. Par ailleurs, des excursions seront propos\u00e9es pour explorer comment enseigner l&#8217;histoire en dehors de l&#8217;\u00e9cole et comment int\u00e9grer dans la pratique didactique des objets du quotidien et des objets d&#8217;art en tant que sources mat\u00e9rielles de connaissance historique. Le s\u00e9minaire permettra ainsi aux \u00e9tudiants d\u2019aiguiser leur conscience du temps (Zeitbewusstsein) et leur conscience historique (Geschichtsbewusstsein) \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;objets de la vie quotidienne et \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les exp\u00e9riences de continuit\u00e9 et d&#8217;alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans le cadre d&#8217;un travail historique.<br><br><br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00c0 la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant-e-s seront capables<br>&#8211; de mobiliser leurs connaissances dans les domaines de la discipline, de la didactique et de l\u2019\u00e9pist\u00e9mologie historiques pour pr\u00e9parer des situations d&#8217;enseignement\/apprentissage en histoire ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019\u00e9laborer, de pr\u00e9senter et d\u2019analyser un dispositif d\u2019enseignement\/d\u2019apprentissage en histoire ;<br>&#8211; de justifier sur le plan th\u00e9orique les situations d&#8217;apprentissage planifi\u00e9es et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es;<br>&#8211; d&#8217;\u00e9tablir des liens entre th\u00e9orie et pratique ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019avoir une r\u00e9flexion critique sur l&#8217;apprentissage historique, et les opportunit\u00e9s et limites des diff\u00e9rentes formes de transmission de l&#8217;histoire<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>1er semestre<\/p><br><p>60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;enseignement- apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la planification pratique et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de l\u2019histoire<\/p>2\u00e8me semestre<br>60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;enseignement- apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire. Cette planification sera pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement mise en pratique pendant le stage.<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la mise en pratique pendant le stage et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire 20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de<br>l\u2019histoire<br>3\u00e8me semestre (projet)<br>60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une ou plusieurs s\u00e9quences d&#8217;enseignement-apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la planification pratique et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de l\u2019histoire.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br>Bibliographie<br><\/p><br><p><br>Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, La construction de l\u2019espace historique personnel : l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l\u2019Histoire comme outil interculturel transversal, 2024 (article \u00e0 para\u00eetre)<br><\/p><br><p><br>Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, Historische Erfahrung? Vom Erleiden zum Handeln. Historisches Lernen als Konstruktion des pers\u00f6nlichen historischen Raumes; in:<br><\/p><br>Historische Erfahrung, \u00e9d. par J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Lale Yildirim, Frankfurt am Main, 2022, p. 279-293<br><br><br>J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Thomas Must \/ Lars Deile \/ Peter Riedel \/ Susan Krause \/ Wanda Sch\u00fcrenberg (\u00e9ds.), Geschichtsdidaktische Grundbegriffe: ein Bilderbuch f\u00fcr Studium, Lehre und Beruf, Hannover, 2020<br><br><br>Ulrich Mayer \/ Hans-J\u00fcrgen Pandel \/ Gerhard Schneider \/ Bernd Sch\u00f6nemann (\u00e9ds.), W\u00f6rterbuch Geschichtsdidaktik, Frankfurt am Main, 2022<br><br>J\u00f6rg van Norden, Geschichte ist Bewusstsein. Historie einer geschichtswissenschaftli- chen Fundamentalkategorie, Frankfurt am Main, 2018                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e523594b\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 1\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-189                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e523594b\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 1\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-189<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            -Ma\u00eetrise approfondie de l\u2019historiographie de la d\u00e9mocratie repr\u00e9sentative en Europe occidentale<br>-D\u00e9veloppement de connaissances en mati\u00e8re d\u2019histoire institutionnelle et parlementaire<br>-Aptitude \u00e0 analyser et critiquer des sources vari\u00e9es (parlementaires, presse, orales, \u2026) et r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019herm\u00e9neutique<br>-Familiarisation avec l\u2019approche comparatiste en Histoire<br>-R\u00e9alisation de travaux de recherche personnels contribuant de mani\u00e8re substantielle \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du parlementarisme au Luxembourg<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Le s\u00e9minaire de recherche se d\u00e9roule sur trois semestres et offre un apprentissage progressif.<br>Le premier semestre permettra d\u2019aborder l\u2019historiographie et les concepts de l\u2019histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale et au Luxembourg en particulier. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9.es \u00e0 lire, pr\u00e9senter et discuter des textes fondamentaux dans le domaine ainsi que dans le domaine de l\u2019Histoire compar\u00e9e. Du point de vue du contenu, l\u2019accent est mis sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019institution parlementaire et de ses acteurs et non pas, comme ce fut r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le cas dans l\u2019historiographie luxembourgeoise existante, sur les grands d\u00e9bats politiques.<br>Le second semestre sera consacr\u00e9 au travail avec les sources sur le parlementarisme et son \u00e9volution au Luxembourg. En coop\u00e9ration avec les archives de la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s s\u2019interrogeront sur le profil socio-politique des d\u00e9put\u00e9s depuis 1919, sur l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire et sur la mise en place progressive d\u2019une administration du Parlement. Une attention particuli\u00e8re sera donn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identification des transferts potentiels entre le Luxembourg et ses voisins en mati\u00e8re d\u2019organisation de la vie parlementaire. L\u2019analyse de ces sources et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une probl\u00e9matique pour le travail final concluront ce semestre.<br>Le troisi\u00e8me semestre sera celui de la production d\u2019un travail de recherche historique. Celui-ci devra comprendre une comparaison un avec autre pays de l\u2019Europe occidentale, \u00e9tablie sur base de la litt\u00e9rature scientifique. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter leur projet personnel durant le semestre.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>1er semestre<br>50 % Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte en rapport avec la m\u00e9thodologie en Histoire parlementaire ou en Histoire compar\u00e9e<br>50 %Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte sur l\u2019Histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale ou au Luxembourg<br>2nd semestre<br>70% R\u00e9daction de courtes notices (1000 mots) sur la socio-biographie de parlementaires ou sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire.<br>30% Elaboration de la probl\u00e9matique du travail personnel<\/p><br><p>3\u00e8me semestre (projet d\u2019exposition)<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation orale de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019avancement du travail personnel<br>80% Travail final (environ 6000 mots + bibliographie)<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences plus sp\u00e9cifiques et compl\u00e8tes seront fournies chaque semestre.<br>Nicolas Als et Robert L. Philippart, La Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s : histoire et lieux de travail, Luxembourg, 1994.<br>Claude Frieseisen, Marie-Paule Jungblut et Michel Pauly (\u00e9ds), La volont\u00e9 de la Chambre qui est la volont\u00e9 du pays. Un floril\u00e8ge des d\u00e9bats parlementaires luxembourgeois (1848- 2008), Luxembourg, 2019.<br>Marnix Beyen et Henk te Velde, Passion and reason: modern parliaments in the Low Countries, in : Pasi Ihalainen, Cornelia Ilie et Kari Palonen (\u00e9ds), Parliament and parliamentarism: a comparative history of a European concept, New York, 2016, p. 81- 96.<br>Jean Garrigues (\u00e9d.), Histoire du Parlement: De 1789 \u00e0 nos jours, Paris 2007.<br>Un parlementarisme allemand ?, in : Parlement[s], Revue d&#8217;histoire politique 21\/1 (2014). Elise Julien, Le comparatisme en histoire. Rappels historiographiques et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, in : Hypoth\u00e8ses 2004 (=Hypoth\u00e8ses, 2005\/1, p. 191-201).<\/p><br><p>Hartmut Kaelble, Historical Comparison. Version: 2, in : Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte, 15.11.2024 (https:\/\/docupedia.de\/zg\/kaelble_historical_comparison_v2_en_2024\u00a0<\/p><br><p>DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14765\/zzf.dok-2832)<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5235964\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                M\u00e9thodologies historiques                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-96                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5235964\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> M\u00e9thodologies historiques<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-96<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00c0 la fin de ce cours, les \u00e9tudiant-e-s seront en mesure<br>&#8211; d\u2019appliquer des outils concrets et m\u00e9thodes nouvelles,<br>&#8211; de s\u2019interroger sur les usages de l\u2019histoire.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Le cours s&#8217;adresse \u00e0 tout \u00e9tudiant du Master int\u00e9ress\u00e9 \u00e0 approfondir sa r\u00e9flexion sur la m\u00e9thode d\u2019investigation historique. Il est obligatoire pour les \u00e9tudiants du Master provenant de fili\u00e8res autres que celle d\u2019Histoire, car il leur permettra d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir une ma\u00eetrise de la d\u00e9marche m\u00e9thodologique n\u00e9cessaire dans le cadre de leurs recherches et premiers travaux. L\u2019objectif de ce cours est d\u2019amener l\u2019\u00e9tudiant \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les concepts utilis\u00e9s en Histoire (le Temps, la pertinence historique, les sources et leur critique, etc.), sur la d\u00e9ontologie du m\u00e9tier d\u2019historien, mais aussi sur les dangers qui menacent la recherche historique. Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une sorte d&#8217;atelier de l&#8217;historien o\u00f9 la critique historique, la m\u00e9thodologie et les outils sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 l&#8217;historien seront au c\u0153ur de r\u00e9flexions men\u00e9es sur base d\u2019analyses et de critiques de documents, des pr\u00e9sentations orales.<br>Le cours sera donn\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais et un support \u00e9crit sera propos\u00e9 en anglais.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Contr\u00f4le continu en cours.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliographie:<\/p><br><p>&#8211; Baylin, Bernard, On the teaching and Writing of History, Hanover (NH), University Press of New England \/ Dartmouth College, 1994.<br>&#8211; Marwick, Arthur, The New Nature of History.\u00a0Knowledge, Evidence, Language, Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2001.<br>&#8211; Jordan, Stefan, Einf\u00fchrung in das Geschichtsstudium, Stuttgart, Reclam, 2005.<br>&#8211; Prost, Antoine, Douze le\u00e7ons sur l\u2019histoire, Paris, Seuil, 2010 (1\u00e8re \u00e9d. 1996).<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e523597e\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                The EU Political System                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            GOVEUROP-37                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e523597e\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5235799\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> The EU Political System<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> GOVEUROP-37<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00a0<br>Upon successful completion of this course, students should have acquired:<br><ul><br>A thorough knowledge of the historical evolution, principal features and place in the decision-making process of the main institutions of the European Union.<br>An initial acquaintance with the dynamics of the EU decision-making system, appropriate as a foundation for the further study of particular policy sectors.<br>A familiarity with the breadth of (English- and French-language) scholarly literatures surrounding the contemporary EU institutional system and its historical development.<br><\/ul>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>This course provides an advanced-level overview of the principal institutions of the European Union. After an initial survey of the development of the Union from the Maastricht Treaty negotiations to the present, the course proceeds to a detailed examination of each of the main players in the EU\u2019s &#8216;decisional triangle\u2019. Attention is thus focused in turn on the European Commission, the Council of Ministers \/ European Council, and the European Parliament.<\/p><p>This is followed by an examination of the European Court of Justice and the wider system of European courts, with a focus on both the role of law as a motor of the integration process and questions of fundamental rights. The fifth institution covered in the course is the European Central Bank, a body the influence and policy making powers of which have increased significantly over the past decade. <\/p><p>Throughout the course attention is focused on providing an appropriate introduction to the functions and functioning of the institutions concerned, while at the same time developing a familiarity with the relevant scholarly bodies of literature and the critical insights which they provide.<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\u00a0<\/p><br>Seminar participation and critical summary (40%)<br>Written examination during the January examination period (60%)<br><p>\u00a0<\/p><br>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        These are the most recent editions of these texts. A number of older editions can also be found in the University library.<br><ul><br>Cini<br>, Michelle and Nieves Perez-<br>Solorzano<br>Borragan<br>(ed.). European Union Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2022 \/ Seventh edition).<br>Hodson, Dermot et al.. The Institutions of the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2022 \/ Fifth edition).<br>Hix, Simon and<br>Bj\u00f8rn<br>H\u00f8yland<br>. The Political System of the European Union (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan 2011 \/ Third edition).<br>Magnette, Paul. Le r\u00e9gime politique de l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne (Paris : Presses de Sciences Po, 2017 \/ 4\u00e8me \u00e9dition).<br>Nugent, Neill. The Government and Politics of the European Union (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2017 \/ Eighth edition).<br>Bache, Ian, Stephen George and Simon Bulmer. Politics in the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011 \/ Third edition).<br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section\n    id=\"tabpanel-91d96903-bd75-41d1-8d69-786610291845\"\n    aria-labelledby=\"tab-91d96903-bd75-41d1-8d69-786610291845\"\n    class=\"tab-panel fade hidden is-hidden\"\n>\n    <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-course-offer\">\n    <h3>Course offer for Semestre 2 (2025-2026 Summer)<\/h3>\n    \n<div id=\"accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\" class=\"accordion accordion--theme\">\n            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5240fbf\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Winter School in Digital History &#8211; Skills in Digital Methods                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-106                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5240fbf\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Winter School in Digital History &#8211; Skills in Digital Methods<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-106<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l&#039;histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            <p>The learning objectives of this module are to:<br>* Understand key concepts and practices of digital history;<br>* Evaluate and use digital tools and sources in relation to emerging and traditional methods in the practice of history;<br>* Understand the importance of uncertainty and ambiguity in digital history research and the different ways in which these can be addressed in practice;<br>* Understand and apply critical concepts and theories in the design, implementation and evaluation of digital history research projects, and to interpret the outcomes;<br>* Understand and critically evaluate the main digital challenges in specific case studies;<br>* Understand team-oriented project-based humanities work.<\/p><br><p>The final outcome is for each team to develop a digital history research project abstract suitable for submission to the Journal of Digital History by the end of the Winter School period. Because digital history is a collaborative field that engages diverse audiences, teams will be evaluated across a range of axes, including their teamwork and organization, their communication plan to reach the public, the quality of their historical argument, and their technical implementation of the project. These team projects will give students a taste of what it means to work as digital historians, and they will have a tangible work product that they can share with outsiders.<br><\/p>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>The course aims to assist students acquire competences and practical skills in addressing conceptual issues regarding traditional notions of historical artifacts and their use in a digital context. The overarching aim of the School is to explore a range of digital sources, digital methods, and digital challenges for historical enquiry, and how they intersect. Building on the Introduction to Digital History course, the module offers a balance between practice and theory and classroom sessions, including group work activities that explore the application of theories to real-life contexts, analysis of case studies, and guest lectures. The intention is that this module will enable students to become more effective historians in digital settings.<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        40 % Class participation and teamwork\u00a0<br>20 % Communication plan and presentation<br>40 % Historical argument and technical implementation<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5240fe8\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Tutorat 2\/4                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            1                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-76                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5240fe8\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Tutorat 2\/4<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 1<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-76<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l&#039;histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN, FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of the tutorial, the students will have a toolkit of skills necessary to submit a good master thesis: developing a cutting-edge, relevant research question, scientific writing, in-depth source analysis, a reasonable structure for their research and the thesis, adequate methodological approaches, the ability to delimit relevant from purely interesting and redundant<br>information etc.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The tutorial shall be a guide and support for the students during the process of writing their master thesis. It aims to meet the students&#8217; needs, and will, within the frame given below, thus be adaptable to their personal requirements.<br>2nd semester: Developing the research questions<br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0specification and substantiation of the chosen subject<br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0presentation of aspects that shall be analysed<br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0time frame<br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0actors<br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0examined fields and particular subjects<br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0investigation on potential source documents<br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0consultation of general secondary literature on the chosen subject<br>At the end of the second semester, the student shall present their particular research questions. At this point they shall be able to present the supervisor of their master thesis, with whom they shall from now on be in frequent contact concerning the progress of their work. Part of the oral presentation of their research questions shall as well be a presentation of the methodology the students envisage to find answers to those questions.<br><br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        1 paper or presentation per semester + writing skills assessment                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5241004\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Menaces sur l&#039;ordre \u00e9tabli : pourquoi et comment les dynamiques de domination changent au Moyen \u00c2ge                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-157                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5241004\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Menaces sur l&#039;ordre \u00e9tabli : pourquoi et comment les dynamiques de domination changent au Moyen \u00c2ge<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-157<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 2 : Pratiques et perceptions du changement de l&#039;Antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9poque moderne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            L\u2019\u00e9tudiant(e) ayant accompli avec succ\u00e8s le cours sera capable<br>&#8211; de d\u00e9finir les concepts de base du cours : \u00ab pouvoir \u00bb, \u00ab domination \u00bb, \u00ab changement \u00bb et<br>\u00ab configurations d\u2019ordre \u00bb ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019analyser des cas concrets de changements des structures et des modes de domination au moyen d\u2019une recherche personnelle guid\u00e9e par les titulaires du s\u00e9minaire ;<br>&#8211; de saisir dans l\u2019historiographie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale les perceptions des menaces mettant en p\u00e9ril l\u2019ordre \u00e9tabli telles qu\u2019elles sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans les sources d\u2019\u00e9poque ;<br>&#8211; de faire une r\u00e9flexion critique sur la plus-value que peut apporter le concept de l\u2019\u00ab ordre menac\u00e9 \u00bb dans l\u2019analyse historique des transformations sociales de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 nos jours ;<br>&#8211; de pr\u00e9senter de mani\u00e8re claire, structur\u00e9e et argument\u00e9e ces diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019analyse et de r\u00e9flexion dans un expos\u00e9 oral et dans un dossier \u00e9crit.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Au sein du module 2, le s\u00e9minaire vise une r\u00e9flexion critique sur la notion d\u2019\u00ab ordre menac\u00e9 \u00bb en histoire, ici plus sp\u00e9cifiquement pour l\u2019\u00e9poque m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, en particulier dans le domaine politique, culturel et social.<br>Les participants analyseront des cas de changements des structures et des modes de domination \u00e0 la suite de menaces \u00ab externes \u00bb ainsi que la perception de cette derni\u00e8re :<br>&#8211; menaces \u00ab biologiques \u00bb : menaces pesant sur la domination des dynasties imp\u00e9riales, royales ou princi\u00e8res suite \u00e0 l\u2019absence d\u2019h\u00e9ritier masculin ou d\u2019h\u00e9ritier tout court ;<br>&#8211; menaces externes \u00e0 l\u2019ordre m\u00e9di\u00e9val : menaces pesant sur la domination des empereurs, rois ou princes suite aux agressions militaires ext\u00e9rieures (Vikings, Hongrois, Arabes, Mongols) ;<br>&#8211; menaces internes \u00e0 l\u2019ordre m\u00e9di\u00e9val : menaces pesant sur la domination des empereurs, des rois et des princes suite \u00e0 la \u00ab r\u00e9forme \u00bb de l\u2019\u00c9glise aux XIe \u2013 XIIIe si\u00e8cles et \u00e0 la lutte pour la domination du monde chr\u00e9tien.<br>Pour chaque cas trait\u00e9, les participants aborderont la th\u00e9matique du s\u00e9minaire \u00e0 quatre niveaux :<br>&#8211; le niveau th\u00e9orique et conceptuel ;<br>&#8211; l\u2019analyse terminologique (vocabulaire des sources) ;<br>&#8211; l\u2019\u00e9tude du contenu : perception de l\u2019auteur, apport pour le sujet du cours;<br>&#8211; mise en relation avec l\u2019\u00e9volution g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque des VIIIe \u2013 XIVe si\u00e8cles.<br>Au sens plus large, l\u2019objectif du cours se situe dans l\u2019\u00e9tude globale de la th\u00e9matique des configurations d\u2019ordres sociaux menac\u00e9s par des facteurs internes et externes telles que nous les vivons \u00e9galement actuellement. En ce sens, une mise en commun avec des interventions d\u2019experts \u00e9trangers de disciplines vari\u00e9es (histoire, sociologie, philosophie, psychologie) et avec les deux autres s\u00e9minaires du module sera organis\u00e9e.<br><br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 % Lectures et commentaires d\u2019articles sur le sujet<br>10 % Participation orale \u00e0 la discussion des expos\u00e9s des \u00e9tudiants<br>20 % Participation orale et \u00e9crite au bilan<br>50 % Dossier de recherche                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Les \u00e9tudiants b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront en dehors du cours d\u2019un tutorat par l\u2019un des enseignants pour leur recherche sp\u00e9cifique. La bibliographie relative aux cas analys\u00e9s lors du s\u00e9minaire sera fournie au fur et \u00e0 mesure de l\u2019avancement du cours.<br>Pour une premi\u00e8re lecture relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque m\u00e9di\u00e9vale:<br>Jean-Claude SCHMITT, Pr\u00e9sentation, dans Le Moyen Age : ordre et d\u00e9sordres, num\u00e9ro th\u00e9matique de la revue M\u00e9di\u00e9vales, 4, 1983, p. 4-14.<br>Pour une comparaison avec la notion de \u00ab d\u00e9sordre mondial \u00bb aujourd\u2019hui :<br>Peter R. Neumann, Die neue Weltunordnung. Wie sich der Westen selbst zerst\u00f6rt, Berlin, 2022.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524101f\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Europe and its Others (15th to 18th century), focusing on the Ottoman Empire, China and Japan                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-103                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524101f\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Europe and its Others (15th to 18th century), focusing on the Ottoman Empire, China and Japan<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-103<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 3 : Europe et les autres<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of the course students will be able to:<br>&#8211; recognize processes of identity and alterity construction<br>&#8211; analyze early modern texts, maps and images<br>&#8211; construct and present a coherent historical argument<br>&#8211; compose a historiographical review<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The early modern period is characterized by an increased exchange between Europe and other parts of the world. Until the 15th century, the idea of the inhabited world still largely corresponded to the space known since Antiquity (Europe, North Africa and the Near East as far as India).<br>Through the voyages of discovery by Portuguese and Spanish seafarers (later also by the English, Dutch, French&#8230;), the space of the world known from the European perspective was then multiplied around the globe.<br>The increasing contacts between Europeans and other countries, which until then had only been known about, if at all, from myths and fantastic travel reports, thus led to a reflection on the question: Who are &#8220;we&#8221; and what distinguishes us from the &#8220;others&#8221;?<br>In the seminar we will deal with the question of what \u201cEurope\u201d meant in the late Middle Ages and early modern period and whether there was already something like a &#8220;European&#8221; consciousness, despite the fact that the continent was territorially fragmented by constant wars between the many smaller and larger states. In addition, the Reformation led to a religious division of the former Catholic regions that cut across societies and states. And finally, the south-east of Europe was gradually conquered by the Muslim Ottomans right up to the gates of Vienna. Against this background, to what extent was the colonial expansion of some states perceived as &#8220;European expansion&#8221; and the threat posed by the Ottoman Empire as an &#8220;attack on Europe&#8221; at the time, as it is often formulated in historical and political discourse today?<br>This course seeks to examine how these questions were answered from the late Middle Ages to the end of the early modern period and what changes can be identified. We will limit ourselves spatially to relations between Europe and Asia (especially in relation to the Ottoman Empire, China and Japan), as there are comparable sources that show us the view of Europe and the Europeans through the eyes of &#8220;the others&#8221;.<br>The key concept in our discussions is that of \u201cothering\u201d. What kind of process does this active verb (to other, ver\u00e4ndern, mettre en alt\u00e9rit\u00e9) describe? What practices of exclusion and discourses of \u201cothering\u201d can be observed within Europe? And how were boundaries and markers of difference constructed in the context of commercial and\/or colonial encounters outside Europe?<br><p> <\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a050 %\u00a0 Oral presentation<br>10 %\u00a0 Small assignments during the course <br>40 %\u00a0\u00a0 Final paper<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Howard, Douglas A.: A History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.<br>Ringrose, David: Europeans Abroad, 1450\u20131750. London: Rowman Littlefield Press, 2018. Schneider, Ute: Die Macht der Karten. Eine Geschichte der Kartographie vom Mittelalter bis heute. Darmstadt: WBG, 2018.<br>The History of Cartography. Vol. 2, Bk. 1, Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies; Bk 2, Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies, Edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5241038\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 2\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-196                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5241038\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 2\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-196<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 4 : S\u00e9minaire de recherche<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            -Ma\u00eetrise approfondie de l\u2019historiographie de la d\u00e9mocratie repr\u00e9sentative en Europe occidentale<br>-D\u00e9veloppement de connaissances en mati\u00e8re d\u2019histoire institutionnelle et parlementaire<br>-Aptitude \u00e0 analyser et critiquer des sources vari\u00e9es (parlementaires, presse, orales, \u2026) et r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019herm\u00e9neutique<br>-Familiarisation avec l\u2019approche comparatiste en Histoire<br>-R\u00e9alisation de travaux de recherche personnels contribuant de mani\u00e8re substantielle \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du parlementarisme au Luxembourg                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Le s\u00e9minaire de recherche se d\u00e9roule sur trois semestres et offre un apprentissage progressif.<br>Le premier semestre permettra d\u2019aborder l\u2019historiographie et les concepts de l\u2019histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale et au Luxembourg en particulier. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9.es \u00e0 lire, pr\u00e9senter et discuter des textes fondamentaux dans le domaine ainsi que dans le domaine de l\u2019Histoire compar\u00e9e. Du point de vue du contenu, l\u2019accent est mis sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019institution parlementaire et de ses acteurs et non pas, comme ce fut r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le cas dans l\u2019historiographie luxembourgeoise existante, sur les grands d\u00e9bats politiques.<br>Le second semestre sera consacr\u00e9 au travail avec les sources sur le parlementarisme et son \u00e9volution au Luxembourg. En coop\u00e9ration avec les archives de la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s s\u2019interrogeront sur le profil socio-politique des d\u00e9put\u00e9s depuis 1919, sur l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire et sur la mise en place progressive d\u2019une administration du Parlement. Une attention particuli\u00e8re sera donn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identification des transferts potentiels entre le Luxembourg et ses voisins en mati\u00e8re d\u2019organisation de la vie parlementaire. L\u2019analyse de ces sources et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une probl\u00e9matique pour le travail final concluront ce semestre.<br>Le troisi\u00e8me semestre sera celui de la production d\u2019un travail de recherche historique. Celui-ci devra comprendre une comparaison un avec autre pays de l\u2019Europe occidentale, \u00e9tablie sur base de la litt\u00e9rature scientifique. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter leur projet personnel durant le semestre.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        1er semestre<br>50 % Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte en rapport avec la m\u00e9thodologie en Histoire parlementaire ou en Histoire compar\u00e9e<br>50 %Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte sur l\u2019Histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale ou au Luxembourg<br>2nd semestre<br>70% R\u00e9daction de courtes notices (1000 mots) sur la socio-biographie de parlementaires ou sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire.<br>30% Elaboration de la probl\u00e9matique du travail personnel<br>3\u00e8me semestre (projet d\u2019exposition)<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation orale de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019avancement du travail personnel<br>80% Travail final (environ 6000 mots + bibliographie)                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences plus sp\u00e9cifiques et compl\u00e8tes seront fournies chaque semestre.<br>Nicolas Als et Robert L. Philippart, La Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s : histoire et lieux de travail, Luxembourg, 1994.<br>Claude Frieseisen, Marie-Paule Jungblut et Michel Pauly (\u00e9ds), La volont\u00e9 de la Chambre qui est la volont\u00e9 du pays. Un floril\u00e8ge des d\u00e9bats parlementaires luxembourgeois (1848- 2008), Luxembourg, 2019.<br>Marnix Beyen et Henk te Velde, Passion and reason: modern parliaments in the Low Countries, in : Pasi Ihalainen, Cornelia Ilie et Kari Palonen (\u00e9ds), Parliament and parliamentarism: a comparative history of a European concept, New York, 2016, p. 81- 96.<br>Jean Garrigues (\u00e9d.), Histoire du Parlement: De 1789 \u00e0 nos jours, Paris 2007.<br>Un parlementarisme allemand ?, in : Parlement[s], Revue d&#8217;histoire politique 21\/1 (2014). Elise Julien, Le comparatisme en histoire. Rappels historiographiques et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, in : Hypoth\u00e8ses 2004 (=Hypoth\u00e8ses, 2005\/1, p. 191-201).<br>Hartmut Kaelble, Historical Comparison. Version: 2, in : Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte, 15.11.2024 (https:\/\/docupedia.de\/zg\/kaelble_historical_comparison_v2_en_2024\u00a0<br>DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14765\/zzf.dok-2832)                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5241051\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 2\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-188                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5241051\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 2\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-188<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 4 : S\u00e9minaire de recherche<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00c0 la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant-e-s seront capables<br>&#8211; de mobiliser leurs connaissances dans les domaines de la discipline, de la didactique et de l\u2019\u00e9pist\u00e9mologie historiques pour pr\u00e9parer des situations d&#8217;enseignement\/apprentissage en histoire ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019\u00e9laborer, de pr\u00e9senter et d\u2019analyser un dispositif d\u2019enseignement\/d\u2019apprentissage en histoire ;<br>&#8211; de justifier sur le plan th\u00e9orique les situations d&#8217;apprentissage planifi\u00e9es et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es;<br>&#8211; d&#8217;\u00e9tablir des liens entre th\u00e9orie et pratique ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019avoir une r\u00e9flexion critique sur l&#8217;apprentissage historique, et les opportunit\u00e9s et limites des diff\u00e9rentes formes de transmission de l&#8217;histoire                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        En se basant sur les concepts de &#8220;conscience historique&#8221;, &#8220;image(s) de l&#8217;histoire&#8221; et &#8220;construction de l&#8217;espace historique personnel&#8221;, les \u00e9tudiants d\u00e9couvriront le champ de la pratique didactique de l&#8217;histoire. A la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiants sauront cr\u00e9er des unit\u00e9s d&#8217;apprentissage, menant une r\u00e9flexion sur la pratique de l\u2019enseignement et consid\u00e9rant les comp\u00e9tences escompt\u00e9es des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et autres apprenants. Ils seront port\u00e9s \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 appliquer des mod\u00e8les de comp\u00e9tences et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u2013 ceci \u00e0 partir de situations d&#8217;apprentissage concr\u00e8tes.<br>Tout au long du s\u00e9minaire, les \u00e9tudiants seront amen\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de l&#8217;apprentissage historique dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique. Le s\u00e9minaire propose une r\u00e9flexion critique par rapport aux diff\u00e9rentes approches et concepts des didactiques de l\u2019histoire. Il s&#8217;agit d\u2019apprendre ce qui fait la coh\u00e9rence (Triftigkeit) d&#8217;une repr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9v\u00e9nements pass\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, les \u00e9tudiants exploreront les diff\u00e9rentes formes de conscience historique que l&#8217;on peut trouver dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La concr\u00e9tisation didactique se fait \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;exemples de le\u00e7ons d&#8217;histoire sp\u00e9cifiques, mais aussi de le\u00e7ons portant sur la culture historique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (Education civique et sociale, Sciences sociales, Connaissance du monde contemporain etc.)<br>Dans un premier temps, les \u00e9tudiants apprendront \u00e0 interroger de mani\u00e8re critique leurs propres connaissances et interpr\u00e9tations historiques par rapport aux sources, concepts et r\u00e9cits qui les sous-tendent. Des th\u00e8mes de chaque \u00e9poque historique (Antiquit\u00e9, Moyen \u00c2ge, Temps Modernes, \u00c9poque contemporaine) seront abord\u00e9s en alternance, en choisissant des objets qui, d&#8217;une part, suscitent l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et, d&#8217;autre part, permettent un traitement fructueux dans une perspective didactique (par exemple des th\u00e8mes de l&#8217;histoire quotidienne, sociale, des mentalit\u00e9s, de la culture, des techniques et des r\u00e9gions). Les \u00e9tudiants s&#8217;exercent \u00e0 l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;outils didactiques, en s\u2019appuyant sur une lecture critique de la litt\u00e9rature sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Au cours des trois semestres, cette approche sera approfondie.<br>Des stages d\u2019observation dans des lyc\u00e9es seront offerts au 2e semestre et accompagn\u00e9s par le responsable du cours. Par ailleurs, des excursions seront propos\u00e9es pour explorer comment enseigner l&#8217;histoire en dehors de l&#8217;\u00e9cole et comment int\u00e9grer dans la pratique didactique des objets du quotidien et des objets d&#8217;art en tant que sources mat\u00e9rielles de connaissance historique. Le s\u00e9minaire permettra ainsi aux \u00e9tudiants d\u2019aiguiser leur conscience du temps (Zeitbewusstsein) et leur conscience historique (Geschichtsbewusstsein) \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;objets de la vie quotidienne et \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les exp\u00e9riences de continuit\u00e9 et d&#8217;alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans le cadre d&#8217;un travail historique.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;enseignement- apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire. Cette planification sera pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement mise en pratique pendant le stage.<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la mise en pratique pendant le stage et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire 20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de\u00a0l\u2019histoire                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, La construction de l\u2019espace historique personnel : l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l\u2019Histoire comme outil interculturel transversal, 2024 (article \u00e0 para\u00eetre)<br>Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, Historische Erfahrung? Vom Erleiden zum Handeln. Historisches Lernen als Konstruktion des pers\u00f6nlichen historischen Raumes; in: Historische Erfahrung, \u00e9d. par J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Lale Yildirim, Frankfurt am Main, 2022, p. 279-293<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Thomas Must \/ Lars Deile \/ Peter Riedel \/ Susan Krause \/ Wanda Sch\u00fcrenberg (\u00e9ds.), Geschichtsdidaktische Grundbegriffe: ein Bilderbuch f\u00fcr Studium, Lehre und Beruf, Hannover, 2020<br>Ulrich Mayer \/ Hans-J\u00fcrgen Pandel \/ Gerhard Schneider \/ Bernd Sch\u00f6nemann (\u00e9ds.), W\u00f6rterbuch Geschichtsdidaktik, Frankfurt am Main, 2022<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden, Geschichte ist Bewusstsein. Historie einer geschichtswissenschaftli- chen Fundamentalkategorie, Frankfurt am Main, 2018<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5241068\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire des migrations en Europe (XIXe-XXIe si\u00e8cles)                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-80                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5241068\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire des migrations en Europe (XIXe-XXIe si\u00e8cles)<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-80<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 5 : Histoire de l&#039;Europe aux XIX\u00e8me et XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cles<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00c0 la fin de ce cours, les \u00e9tudiants\/es seront en mesure<br>&#8211; de comprendre les processus de migration europ\u00e9enne et luxembourgeoise dans le pass\u00e9 et le pr\u00e9sent<br>&#8211; de d\u00e9finir des probl\u00e9matiques et des questionnements de recherche en relation avec les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de migration et d\u2019int\u00e9gration<br>&#8211; de manipuler les outils de recherche permettant le traitement informatique de sources nominatives sur les populations<br>&#8211; d\u2019appliquer une approche intersectionnelle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019histoire des migrations transnationales contemporaines<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes des migrations et d\u2019int\u00e9gration sont une caract\u00e9ristique centrale de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne et prennent une place centrale dans l\u2019histoire r\u00e9cente du Luxembourg. Des migrations massives d&#8217;Est en Ouest, du Nord et du Sud, d\u00e9bouchent sur la stabilisation des populations, souvent comme \u00e9piph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de l&#8217;industrialisation aux XIX et XXe si\u00e8cles. Ce cours pr\u00e9sente la diversit\u00e9 des groupes qui ont travers\u00e9 les fronti\u00e8res d\u2019espaces politiques, sociaux et culturels au sein de l\u2019Europe, et du Luxembourg plus particuli\u00e8rement, ou en provenance de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du continent, en mettant l\u2019accent sur la p\u00e9riode contemporaine (XIXe-XXIe si\u00e8cles). D\u2019autre part, le cours repose sur des outils permettant l\u2019analyse des sources et des trajets de migration d\u2019une fa\u00e7on num\u00e9rique et propose aux \u00e9tudiants de d\u00e9velopper des nouvelles questions de recherche \u00e0 partir de cartes construites pendant le cours sur la base d&#8217;archives originales.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Examen \u00e9crit                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        -Atlas de l\u2019immigration en France, Paris: Autrement, coll. \u00ab Atlas-m\u00e9moires \u00bb, 2002<br>-BADE, Klaus J.\/EMMER, Pieter C.\/LUCASSEN, Leo\/OLTMER, Jochen (\u00e9d.), Enzyklop\u00e4die Migration in Europa. Vom 17. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart, Paderborn: Ferdinand Sch\u00f6ningh \/ M\u00fcnchen: Wilhelm Fink, 2007.<br>-GALLORO, Piero-D., Ouvriers du fer \u2013 Princes du vent. Histoire des flux de main d\u2019\u0153uvre dans la sid\u00e9rurgie lorraine (1880-1939), Metz, 2001<br>-GATRELL, Peter, The Unsettling of Europe. The Great Migration, 1945 to the Present, London: Allen Lane, 2019.<br>-REUTER, Antoinette \/ SCUTO, Denis (dir.), Itin\u00e9raires crois\u00e9s. Luxembourgeois \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tranger, \u00e9trangers au Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, 1995<br>-STOLDT, J\u00fcrgen. La sant\u00e9 publique dans le Bassin Minier: l\u2019\u00e9volution de la sant\u00e9 publique dans le sud du Luxembourg (1870 &#8211; 2020) = Gesundheitswesen im Bassin Minier : Beitr\u00e4ge zu einer Geschichte des Gesundheitswesens im S\u00fcden Luxemburgs (1870 &#8211; 2020). Mutations : m\u00e9moires et perspectives du Bassin Minier 12\/2022. Luxembourg: Fondation Bassin Minier, 2022.<br>-TRINKAUS, Fabian, Arbeiterexistenzen und Arbeiterbewegung in den H\u00fcttenst\u00e4dten Neunkirchen\/Saar und D\u00fcdelingen\/Luxemburg (1880-1935\/40). Ein historischer Vergleich (Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen der Kommission f\u00fcr Saarl\u00e4ndische Landesgeschichte, 46), Saarbr\u00fccken: Saarl\u00e4ndische Universit\u00e4ts- und Landesbibliothek, 2014.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5241080\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Debating genocide and mass violence in the 21st century: Europe and beyond                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-168                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5241080\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Debating genocide and mass violence in the 21st century: Europe and beyond<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-168<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 6 : D\u00e9bats, circulations et int\u00e9gration<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of this course students will be able to:<br>Understand the key themes and controversies in the development of the historiography of the Holocaust and the field of genocide studies.<br>Understand current media debates about mass violence, genocide and the Holocaust, and grasp their political stakes and broader societal dimensions.<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        In the past two decades, scholarly debates on mass violence and genocide in Europe, which for obvious reasons have long evolved around the Holocaust, have considerably expanded. Scholars have examined the broader imperial and colonial contexts and dimensions of the Holocaust, and the emergence of the field of genocide studies has ignited fierce debate, among scholars and in the media, about how its horror should be seen within the broader context of the history and memory of genocide and (colonial) violence in the 20th century. Meanwhile, the term \u201cgenocide\u201d itself has come up for renewed critical scrutiny too. In this seminar we will discuss these scholarly debates and media controversies about mass violence and genocide, analyse their political dimensions, and link them to the broader question of how the memory of the Holocaust, and that of other genocides, has developed over the past years, in Europe and elsewhere.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        10 %Participation<br>25 %Preparation<br>25 %Presentation<br>40 %Final Essay<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Bloxham, Donald and A. Dirk Moses, Genocide: Key Themes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022).<br>Moses, A. Dirk,The Problems of Genocide: Permanent Security and the Language of Transgression (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021).<br>Rothberg, Michael, Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009).<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5241099\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Women, Diplomacy and International Relations, 19th-20th Centuries                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-184                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5241099\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Women, Diplomacy and International Relations, 19th-20th Centuries<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-184<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 7 : Regards diff\u00e9r\u00e9s sur la construction europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            By the end of the course, students<br>&#8211; Demonstrate knowledge about women and gender history in diplomacy<br>&#8211; Articulate the historiography in the field and use it for individual historical analysis<br>&#8211; Approach various diplomatic primary sources with a critical eye<br>&#8211; Apply gender and women history to historical research<br>&#8211; Understand what history is from below and how to use it in historical research                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        This seminar tackles with diplomatic history from the perspective of gender and women<br>history. It introduces the students to the integration of women to European diplomacy,<br>focusing on the 19th and the 20th centuries \u2013 starting with the Congress of Vienna and<br>finishing with the normalization of the woman\u2019s head of mission in the 1990s. The course<br>proposes an analysis of the gendered character of European diplomacy through a set<br>of case studies. The class considers women first head of missions, but also women<br>present in less expected corners of diplomatic life such as international women\u2019s<br>associations and women\u2019s NGOs, as well as secretaries, diplomatic wives, scholars or<br>international civil servants. Beside the cases studies, the seminar integrates sessions<br>focusing on the specificities of primary sources when researching women and gender<br>history.<br>The course mostly concentrates on Western Europe. Some topics, however, will provide<br>a wider geographical focal, tackling with individuals and case studies coming from<br>outside Europe, such as diplomats detached on the continent. The course aims at<br>introducing the students to the institutionalization of diplomatic practices and the main<br>concepts of international relations through the prism of women and gender history. Its<br>purpose is also to bring light to actors who have only been recently acknowledged by<br>the scholarship and share with students the latest research in the field.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 % Oral presentation<br>30 % Small assignments during the course<br>50 % Final paper                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        DELAUNAY Jean-Marc et DEN\u00c9CH\u00c8RE Yves (eds.), Femmes et relations internationales<br>au XXe si\u00e8cle, Paris, Presses Sorbonne nouvelle, 2011.<br>&#8211; OWENS Patricia et RIETZLER Katharina (eds.), Women\u2019s International Thought: A New<br>History, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021.<br>&#8211; SLUGA Glenda et JAMES Carolyn, Women, Diplomacy and International Politics since<br>1500, Abingdon, Routledge, 2016.<br>&#8211; TH\u00c9BAUD Fran\u00e7oise, \u00c9crire l\u2019histoire des femmes et du genre, Lyon, ENS \u00c9ditions,<br>2017.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52410b0\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Historiographie                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            BCE-136                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52410b0\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Historiographie<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> BCE-136<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>L\u2019\u00e9tudiant(e) ayant accompli le cours avec succ\u00e8s sera capable:<\/p><br><ul><br><li>Retracer les grandes \u00e9tapes de l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019\u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire et identifier ses \u0153uvres et courants majeurs\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>Expliquer la pluralit\u00e9 des modes d\u2019\u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire et montrer son \u00e9volution continue, influenc\u00e9e par les contextes sociaux, culturels et politiques et l\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouveaux sujets\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>Analyser des textes historiographiques cl\u00e9s en expliquant les objectifs, m\u00e9thodes et formes de r\u00e9cit des historiens\u00a0<br>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/li><br><li>Pr\u00e9senter et discuter quelques grands d\u00e9bats quelques grands d\u00e9bats de l\u2019historiographie actuelle\u00a0<br><\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\u200b\u200bLe cours d\u2019historiographie a pour objectif une r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019\u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire dans sa dimension historique (\u00ab\u202fl\u2019histoire de l\u2019histoire\u202f\u00bb). Il vise donc \u00e0 expliquer les conceptions de l\u2019histoire, les pratiques des historiens et leur m\u00e9thodologie \u00e0 travers le temps pour montrer comment l\u2019histoire s\u2019est constitu\u00e9e en discipline scientifique et s\u2019est sans cesse renouvel\u00e9e.\u00a0<br>\u200bDans ce but, le cours sera divis\u00e9 en trois sections\u202f:\u00a0<br>\u200bUn aper\u00e7u historique sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019historiographie, ses grandes \u00e9tapes, ses \u0153uvres majeures de l\u2019\u00e9poque grecque au XXe si\u00e8cle\u00a0<br>Des \u00e9tudes de cas montrant l\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouveaux objets d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de nouvelles m\u00e9thodologies au XXe si\u00e8cle\u00a0<br>\u200bLa pr\u00e9sentation des quelques grands d\u00e9bats de l\u2019historiographie actuelle.\u00a0<br>\u200b\u00a0<br>\u200bLes diff\u00e9rentes s\u00e9ances seront introduites par des expos\u00e9s des enseignants qui seront suivis d\u2019une analyse commune de textes \u00e0 pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 domicile.\u200b\u00a0<br><\/p>\u00a0 \u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br>Assessment Component 1: MANDATORY Attendance (NON-GRADED Assessment) \u2013 0% (retake not possible)<br>Assessment Component 2: Travaux \u00e9crits \u00e0 domicile (2) (Continuous Assessment) \u2013 \u200b\u200b40%\u200b (retake possible)<br>Assessment Component 3: Examen oral (End-of-term Assessment) \u2013 \u200b\u200b60% (retake possible)<\/p><br><p><br>Conditions d\u2019\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 pour participer \u00e0 un examen (final) :<br><\/p><br><p>L\u2019\u00e9tudiant.e doit \u00eatre d\u00fbment inscrit.e au cours et \u00e0 l\u2019examen (via le Guichet \u00e9tudiant) et il\/elle doit \u00e9galement avoir satisfait \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des exigences li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation continue afin d\u2019\u00eatre autoris\u00e9.e \u00e0 se pr\u00e9senter \u00e0 un examen (final) en fin de semestre. Ces exigences incluent l\u2019assiduit\u00e9 en classe (voir\u00a0: circulaire \u00c9valuation des apprentissages \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg, version 3 (03\/06\/2025), pp. 13-15).<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliographie:<\/p><br><ul><br><li>\u200b\u200bBizi\u00e8re, Jean Maurice, Vayssi\u00e8re, Histoire et historiens. Antiquit\u00e9, Moyen \u00c2ge, France moderne et contemporaine, Paris, 1995.\u00a0\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>\u200bBurrow, John, A History of Histories: Epics, Chronicles, Romances and Inquiries from Herodotus and Thucydides to the Twentieth Century, London: Allen Lane, 2007.\u00a0\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>\u200bDelacroix, Christian et al., eds., Historiographies. Concepts et d\u00e9bats, 2 vols., Paris: Gallimard, 2010.\u00a0\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>\u200bPoirier, Philippe, Introduction \u00e0 l\u2019historiographie, Paris 2009, Belin (Atouts Histoire)\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>\u200bSimon, Christian, Historiographie, Stuttgart 1996, Ulmer (Uni-Taschenb\u00fccher 1901)\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>\u200bWoolf Daniel, A Concise History of History. Global Historiography from Antiquity to the Present, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019,\u200b\u00a0<\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52410ca\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Menaces sur l&#039;ordre \u00e9tabli : pourquoi et comment les dynamiques de domination changent au Moyen \u00c2ge                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-157                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52410ca\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Menaces sur l&#039;ordre \u00e9tabli : pourquoi et comment les dynamiques de domination changent au Moyen \u00c2ge<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-157<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            L\u2019\u00e9tudiant(e) ayant accompli avec succ\u00e8s le cours sera capable<br>&#8211; de d\u00e9finir les concepts de base du cours : \u00ab pouvoir \u00bb, \u00ab domination \u00bb, \u00ab changement \u00bb et<br>\u00ab configurations d\u2019ordre \u00bb ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019analyser des cas concrets de changements des structures et des modes de domination au moyen d\u2019une recherche personnelle guid\u00e9e par les titulaires du s\u00e9minaire ;<br>&#8211; de saisir dans l\u2019historiographie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale les perceptions des menaces mettant en p\u00e9ril l\u2019ordre \u00e9tabli telles qu\u2019elles sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans les sources d\u2019\u00e9poque ;<br>&#8211; de faire une r\u00e9flexion critique sur la plus-value que peut apporter le concept de l\u2019\u00ab ordre menac\u00e9 \u00bb dans l\u2019analyse historique des transformations sociales de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 nos jours ;<br>&#8211; de pr\u00e9senter de mani\u00e8re claire, structur\u00e9e et argument\u00e9e ces diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019analyse et de r\u00e9flexion dans un expos\u00e9 oral et dans un dossier \u00e9crit.                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Au sein du module 2, le s\u00e9minaire vise une r\u00e9flexion critique sur la notion d\u2019\u00ab ordre menac\u00e9 \u00bb en histoire, ici plus sp\u00e9cifiquement pour l\u2019\u00e9poque m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, en particulier dans le domaine politique, culturel et social.<br>Les participants analyseront des cas de changements des structures et des modes de domination \u00e0 la suite de menaces \u00ab externes \u00bb ainsi que la perception de cette derni\u00e8re :<br>&#8211; menaces \u00ab biologiques \u00bb : menaces pesant sur la domination des dynasties imp\u00e9riales, royales ou princi\u00e8res suite \u00e0 l\u2019absence d\u2019h\u00e9ritier masculin ou d\u2019h\u00e9ritier tout court ;<br>&#8211; menaces externes \u00e0 l\u2019ordre m\u00e9di\u00e9val : menaces pesant sur la domination des empereurs, rois ou princes suite aux agressions militaires ext\u00e9rieures (Vikings, Hongrois, Arabes, Mongols) ;<br>&#8211; menaces internes \u00e0 l\u2019ordre m\u00e9di\u00e9val : menaces pesant sur la domination des empereurs, des rois et des princes suite \u00e0 la \u00ab r\u00e9forme \u00bb de l\u2019\u00c9glise aux XIe \u2013 XIIIe si\u00e8cles et \u00e0 la lutte pour la domination du monde chr\u00e9tien.<br>Pour chaque cas trait\u00e9, les participants aborderont la th\u00e9matique du s\u00e9minaire \u00e0 quatre niveaux :<br>&#8211; le niveau th\u00e9orique et conceptuel ;<br>&#8211; l\u2019analyse terminologique (vocabulaire des sources) ;<br>&#8211; l\u2019\u00e9tude du contenu : perception de l\u2019auteur, apport pour le sujet du cours;<br>&#8211; mise en relation avec l\u2019\u00e9volution g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque des VIIIe \u2013 XIVe si\u00e8cles.<br>Au sens plus large, l\u2019objectif du cours se situe dans l\u2019\u00e9tude globale de la th\u00e9matique des configurations d\u2019ordres sociaux menac\u00e9s par des facteurs internes et externes telles que nous les vivons \u00e9galement actuellement. En ce sens, une mise en commun avec des interventions d\u2019experts \u00e9trangers de disciplines vari\u00e9es (histoire, sociologie, philosophie, psychologie) et avec les deux autres s\u00e9minaires du module sera organis\u00e9e.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 % Lectures et commentaires d\u2019articles sur le sujet<br>10 % Participation orale \u00e0 la discussion des expos\u00e9s des \u00e9tudiants<br>20 % Participation orale et \u00e9crite au bilan<br>50 % Dossier de recherche                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Les \u00e9tudiants b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront en dehors du cours d\u2019un tutorat par l\u2019un des enseignants pour leur recherche sp\u00e9cifique. La bibliographie relative aux cas analys\u00e9s lors du s\u00e9minaire sera fournie au fur et \u00e0 mesure de l\u2019avancement du cours.<br>Pour une premi\u00e8re lecture relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque m\u00e9di\u00e9vale:<br>Jean-Claude SCHMITT, Pr\u00e9sentation, dans Le Moyen Age : ordre et d\u00e9sordres, num\u00e9ro th\u00e9matique de la revue M\u00e9di\u00e9vales, 4, 1983, p. 4-14.<br>Pour une comparaison avec la notion de \u00ab d\u00e9sordre mondial \u00bb aujourd\u2019hui :<br>Peter R. Neumann, Die neue Weltunordnung. Wie sich der Westen selbst zerst\u00f6rt, Berlin, 2022.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52410e3\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Women, Diplomacy and International Relations, 19th-20th Centuries                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-184                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52410e3\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Women, Diplomacy and International Relations, 19th-20th Centuries<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-184<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            By the end of the course, students<br>&#8211; Demonstrate knowledge about women and gender history in diplomacy<br>&#8211; Articulate the historiography in the field and use it for individual historical analysis<br>&#8211; Approach various diplomatic primary sources with a critical eye<br>&#8211; Apply gender and women history to historical research<br>&#8211; Understand what history is from below and how to use it in historical research                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        This seminar tackles with diplomatic history from the perspective of gender and women<br>history. It introduces the students to the integration of women to European diplomacy,<br>focusing on the 19th and the 20th centuries \u2013 starting with the Congress of Vienna and<br>finishing with the normalization of the woman\u2019s head of mission in the 1990s. The course<br>proposes an analysis of the gendered character of European diplomacy through a set<br>of case studies. The class considers women first head of missions, but also women<br>present in less expected corners of diplomatic life such as international women\u2019s<br>associations and women\u2019s NGOs, as well as secretaries, diplomatic wives, scholars or<br>international civil servants. Beside the cases studies, the seminar integrates sessions<br>focusing on the specificities of primary sources when researching women and gender<br>history.<br>The course mostly concentrates on Western Europe. Some topics, however, will provide<br>a wider geographical focal, tackling with individuals and case studies coming from<br>outside Europe, such as diplomats detached on the continent. The course aims at<br>introducing the students to the institutionalization of diplomatic practices and the main<br>concepts of international relations through the prism of women and gender history. Its<br>purpose is also to bring light to actors who have only been recently acknowledged by<br>the scholarship and share with students the latest research in the field.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        20 % Oral presentation<br>30 % Small assignments during the course<br>50 % Final paper                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        DELAUNAY Jean-Marc et DEN\u00c9CH\u00c8RE Yves (eds.), Femmes et relations internationales<br>au XXe si\u00e8cle, Paris, Presses Sorbonne nouvelle, 2011.<br>&#8211; OWENS Patricia et RIETZLER Katharina (eds.), Women\u2019s International Thought: A New<br>History, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021.<br>&#8211; SLUGA Glenda et JAMES Carolyn, Women, Diplomacy and International Politics since<br>1500, Abingdon, Routledge, 2016.<br>&#8211; TH\u00c9BAUD Fran\u00e7oise, \u00c9crire l\u2019histoire des femmes et du genre, Lyon, ENS \u00c9ditions,<br>2017.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52410fd\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Europe and its Others (15th to 18th century), focusing on the Ottoman Empire, China and Japan                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-103                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52410fd\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Europe and its Others (15th to 18th century), focusing on the Ottoman Empire, China and Japan<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-103<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of the course students will be able to:<br>&#8211; recognize processes of identity and alterity construction<br>&#8211; analyze early modern texts, maps and images<br>&#8211; construct and present a coherent historical argument<br>&#8211; compose a historiographical review<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The early modern period is characterized by an increased exchange between Europe and other parts of the world. Until the 15th century, the idea of the inhabited world still largely corresponded to the space known since Antiquity (Europe, North Africa and the Near East as far as India).<br>Through the voyages of discovery by Portuguese and Spanish seafarers (later also by the English, Dutch, French&#8230;), the space of the world known from the European perspective was then multiplied around the globe.<br>The increasing contacts between Europeans and other countries, which until then had only been known about, if at all, from myths and fantastic travel reports, thus led to a reflection on the question: Who are &#8220;we&#8221; and what distinguishes us from the &#8220;others&#8221;?<br>In the seminar we will deal with the question of what \u201cEurope\u201d meant in the late Middle Ages and early modern period and whether there was already something like a &#8220;European&#8221; consciousness, despite the fact that the continent was territorially fragmented by constant wars between the many smaller and larger states. In addition, the Reformation led to a religious division of the former Catholic regions that cut across societies and states. And finally, the south-east of Europe was gradually conquered by the Muslim Ottomans right up to the gates of Vienna. Against this background, to what extent was the colonial expansion of some states perceived as &#8220;European expansion&#8221; and the threat posed by the Ottoman Empire as an &#8220;attack on Europe&#8221; at the time, as it is often formulated in historical and political discourse today?<br>This course seeks to examine how these questions were answered from the late Middle Ages to the end of the early modern period and what changes can be identified. We will limit ourselves spatially to relations between Europe and Asia (especially in relation to the Ottoman Empire, China and Japan), as there are comparable sources that show us the view of Europe and the Europeans through the eyes of &#8220;the others&#8221;.<br>The key concept in our discussions is that of \u201cothering\u201d. What kind of process does this active verb (to other, ver\u00e4ndern, mettre en alt\u00e9rit\u00e9) describe? What practices of exclusion and discourses of \u201cothering\u201d can be observed within Europe? And how were boundaries and markers of difference constructed in the context of commercial and\/or colonial encounters outside Europe?<br><p> <\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a050 %\u00a0 Oral presentation<br>10 %\u00a0 Small assignments during the course <br>40 %\u00a0\u00a0 Final paper<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Howard, Douglas A.: A History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.<br>Ringrose, David: Europeans Abroad, 1450\u20131750. London: Rowman Littlefield Press, 2018. Schneider, Ute: Die Macht der Karten. Eine Geschichte der Kartographie vom Mittelalter bis heute. Darmstadt: WBG, 2018.<br>The History of Cartography. Vol. 2, Bk. 1, Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies; Bk 2, Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies, Edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5241115\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 2\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-196                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5241115\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 2\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-196<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            -Ma\u00eetrise approfondie de l\u2019historiographie de la d\u00e9mocratie repr\u00e9sentative en Europe occidentale<br>-D\u00e9veloppement de connaissances en mati\u00e8re d\u2019histoire institutionnelle et parlementaire<br>-Aptitude \u00e0 analyser et critiquer des sources vari\u00e9es (parlementaires, presse, orales, \u2026) et r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019herm\u00e9neutique<br>-Familiarisation avec l\u2019approche comparatiste en Histoire<br>-R\u00e9alisation de travaux de recherche personnels contribuant de mani\u00e8re substantielle \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du parlementarisme au Luxembourg                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Le s\u00e9minaire de recherche se d\u00e9roule sur trois semestres et offre un apprentissage progressif.<br>Le premier semestre permettra d\u2019aborder l\u2019historiographie et les concepts de l\u2019histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale et au Luxembourg en particulier. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9.es \u00e0 lire, pr\u00e9senter et discuter des textes fondamentaux dans le domaine ainsi que dans le domaine de l\u2019Histoire compar\u00e9e. Du point de vue du contenu, l\u2019accent est mis sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019institution parlementaire et de ses acteurs et non pas, comme ce fut r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le cas dans l\u2019historiographie luxembourgeoise existante, sur les grands d\u00e9bats politiques.<br>Le second semestre sera consacr\u00e9 au travail avec les sources sur le parlementarisme et son \u00e9volution au Luxembourg. En coop\u00e9ration avec les archives de la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s s\u2019interrogeront sur le profil socio-politique des d\u00e9put\u00e9s depuis 1919, sur l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire et sur la mise en place progressive d\u2019une administration du Parlement. Une attention particuli\u00e8re sera donn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identification des transferts potentiels entre le Luxembourg et ses voisins en mati\u00e8re d\u2019organisation de la vie parlementaire. L\u2019analyse de ces sources et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une probl\u00e9matique pour le travail final concluront ce semestre.<br>Le troisi\u00e8me semestre sera celui de la production d\u2019un travail de recherche historique. Celui-ci devra comprendre une comparaison un avec autre pays de l\u2019Europe occidentale, \u00e9tablie sur base de la litt\u00e9rature scientifique. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter leur projet personnel durant le semestre.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        1er semestre<br>50 % Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte en rapport avec la m\u00e9thodologie en Histoire parlementaire ou en Histoire compar\u00e9e<br>50 %Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte sur l\u2019Histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale ou au Luxembourg<br>2nd semestre<br>70% R\u00e9daction de courtes notices (1000 mots) sur la socio-biographie de parlementaires ou sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire.<br>30% Elaboration de la probl\u00e9matique du travail personnel<br>3\u00e8me semestre (projet d\u2019exposition)<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation orale de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019avancement du travail personnel<br>80% Travail final (environ 6000 mots + bibliographie)                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences plus sp\u00e9cifiques et compl\u00e8tes seront fournies chaque semestre.<br>Nicolas Als et Robert L. Philippart, La Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s : histoire et lieux de travail, Luxembourg, 1994.<br>Claude Frieseisen, Marie-Paule Jungblut et Michel Pauly (\u00e9ds), La volont\u00e9 de la Chambre qui est la volont\u00e9 du pays. Un floril\u00e8ge des d\u00e9bats parlementaires luxembourgeois (1848- 2008), Luxembourg, 2019.<br>Marnix Beyen et Henk te Velde, Passion and reason: modern parliaments in the Low Countries, in : Pasi Ihalainen, Cornelia Ilie et Kari Palonen (\u00e9ds), Parliament and parliamentarism: a comparative history of a European concept, New York, 2016, p. 81- 96.<br>Jean Garrigues (\u00e9d.), Histoire du Parlement: De 1789 \u00e0 nos jours, Paris 2007.<br>Un parlementarisme allemand ?, in : Parlement[s], Revue d&#8217;histoire politique 21\/1 (2014). Elise Julien, Le comparatisme en histoire. Rappels historiographiques et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, in : Hypoth\u00e8ses 2004 (=Hypoth\u00e8ses, 2005\/1, p. 191-201).<br>Hartmut Kaelble, Historical Comparison. Version: 2, in : Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte, 15.11.2024 (https:\/\/docupedia.de\/zg\/kaelble_historical_comparison_v2_en_2024\u00a0<br>DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14765\/zzf.dok-2832)                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524112e\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 2\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-188                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524112e\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 2\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-188<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00c0 la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant-e-s seront capables<br>&#8211; de mobiliser leurs connaissances dans les domaines de la discipline, de la didactique et de l\u2019\u00e9pist\u00e9mologie historiques pour pr\u00e9parer des situations d&#8217;enseignement\/apprentissage en histoire ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019\u00e9laborer, de pr\u00e9senter et d\u2019analyser un dispositif d\u2019enseignement\/d\u2019apprentissage en histoire ;<br>&#8211; de justifier sur le plan th\u00e9orique les situations d&#8217;apprentissage planifi\u00e9es et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es;<br>&#8211; d&#8217;\u00e9tablir des liens entre th\u00e9orie et pratique ;<br>&#8211; d\u2019avoir une r\u00e9flexion critique sur l&#8217;apprentissage historique, et les opportunit\u00e9s et limites des diff\u00e9rentes formes de transmission de l&#8217;histoire                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        En se basant sur les concepts de &#8220;conscience historique&#8221;, &#8220;image(s) de l&#8217;histoire&#8221; et &#8220;construction de l&#8217;espace historique personnel&#8221;, les \u00e9tudiants d\u00e9couvriront le champ de la pratique didactique de l&#8217;histoire. A la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiants sauront cr\u00e9er des unit\u00e9s d&#8217;apprentissage, menant une r\u00e9flexion sur la pratique de l\u2019enseignement et consid\u00e9rant les comp\u00e9tences escompt\u00e9es des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et autres apprenants. Ils seront port\u00e9s \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 appliquer des mod\u00e8les de comp\u00e9tences et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u2013 ceci \u00e0 partir de situations d&#8217;apprentissage concr\u00e8tes.<br>Tout au long du s\u00e9minaire, les \u00e9tudiants seront amen\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de l&#8217;apprentissage historique dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique. Le s\u00e9minaire propose une r\u00e9flexion critique par rapport aux diff\u00e9rentes approches et concepts des didactiques de l\u2019histoire. Il s&#8217;agit d\u2019apprendre ce qui fait la coh\u00e9rence (Triftigkeit) d&#8217;une repr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9v\u00e9nements pass\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, les \u00e9tudiants exploreront les diff\u00e9rentes formes de conscience historique que l&#8217;on peut trouver dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La concr\u00e9tisation didactique se fait \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;exemples de le\u00e7ons d&#8217;histoire sp\u00e9cifiques, mais aussi de le\u00e7ons portant sur la culture historique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (Education civique et sociale, Sciences sociales, Connaissance du monde contemporain etc.)<br>Dans un premier temps, les \u00e9tudiants apprendront \u00e0 interroger de mani\u00e8re critique leurs propres connaissances et interpr\u00e9tations historiques par rapport aux sources, concepts et r\u00e9cits qui les sous-tendent. Des th\u00e8mes de chaque \u00e9poque historique (Antiquit\u00e9, Moyen \u00c2ge, Temps Modernes, \u00c9poque contemporaine) seront abord\u00e9s en alternance, en choisissant des objets qui, d&#8217;une part, suscitent l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et, d&#8217;autre part, permettent un traitement fructueux dans une perspective didactique (par exemple des th\u00e8mes de l&#8217;histoire quotidienne, sociale, des mentalit\u00e9s, de la culture, des techniques et des r\u00e9gions). Les \u00e9tudiants s&#8217;exercent \u00e0 l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;outils didactiques, en s\u2019appuyant sur une lecture critique de la litt\u00e9rature sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Au cours des trois semestres, cette approche sera approfondie.<br>Des stages d\u2019observation dans des lyc\u00e9es seront offerts au 2e semestre et accompagn\u00e9s par le responsable du cours. Par ailleurs, des excursions seront propos\u00e9es pour explorer comment enseigner l&#8217;histoire en dehors de l&#8217;\u00e9cole et comment int\u00e9grer dans la pratique didactique des objets du quotidien et des objets d&#8217;art en tant que sources mat\u00e9rielles de connaissance historique. Le s\u00e9minaire permettra ainsi aux \u00e9tudiants d\u2019aiguiser leur conscience du temps (Zeitbewusstsein) et leur conscience historique (Geschichtsbewusstsein) \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;objets de la vie quotidienne et \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les exp\u00e9riences de continuit\u00e9 et d&#8217;alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans le cadre d&#8217;un travail historique.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;enseignement- apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire. Cette planification sera pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement mise en pratique pendant le stage.<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la mise en pratique pendant le stage et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire 20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de\u00a0l\u2019histoire                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, La construction de l\u2019espace historique personnel : l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l\u2019Histoire comme outil interculturel transversal, 2024 (article \u00e0 para\u00eetre)<br>Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, Historische Erfahrung? Vom Erleiden zum Handeln. Historisches Lernen als Konstruktion des pers\u00f6nlichen historischen Raumes; in: Historische Erfahrung, \u00e9d. par J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Lale Yildirim, Frankfurt am Main, 2022, p. 279-293<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Thomas Must \/ Lars Deile \/ Peter Riedel \/ Susan Krause \/ Wanda Sch\u00fcrenberg (\u00e9ds.), Geschichtsdidaktische Grundbegriffe: ein Bilderbuch f\u00fcr Studium, Lehre und Beruf, Hannover, 2020<br>Ulrich Mayer \/ Hans-J\u00fcrgen Pandel \/ Gerhard Schneider \/ Bernd Sch\u00f6nemann (\u00e9ds.), W\u00f6rterbuch Geschichtsdidaktik, Frankfurt am Main, 2022<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden, Geschichte ist Bewusstsein. Historie einer geschichtswissenschaftli- chen Fundamentalkategorie, Frankfurt am Main, 2018<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e5241146\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Debating genocide and mass violence in the 21st century: Europe and beyond                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-168                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e5241146\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e5240f82\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Debating genocide and mass violence in the 21st century: Europe and beyond<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-168<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of this course students will be able to:<br>Understand the key themes and controversies in the development of the historiography of the Holocaust and the field of genocide studies.<br>Understand current media debates about mass violence, genocide and the Holocaust, and grasp their political stakes and broader societal dimensions.<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        In the past two decades, scholarly debates on mass violence and genocide in Europe, which for obvious reasons have long evolved around the Holocaust, have considerably expanded. Scholars have examined the broader imperial and colonial contexts and dimensions of the Holocaust, and the emergence of the field of genocide studies has ignited fierce debate, among scholars and in the media, about how its horror should be seen within the broader context of the history and memory of genocide and (colonial) violence in the 20th century. Meanwhile, the term \u201cgenocide\u201d itself has come up for renewed critical scrutiny too. In this seminar we will discuss these scholarly debates and media controversies about mass violence and genocide, analyse their political dimensions, and link them to the broader question of how the memory of the Holocaust, and that of other genocides, has developed over the past years, in Europe and elsewhere.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        10 %Participation<br>25 %Preparation<br>25 %Presentation<br>40 %Final Essay<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Bloxham, Donald and A. Dirk Moses, Genocide: Key Themes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022).<br>Moses, A. Dirk,The Problems of Genocide: Permanent Security and the Language of Transgression (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021).<br>Rothberg, Michael, Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009).<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section\n    id=\"tabpanel-d6e1d895-1903-4035-aced-7cbe6cce7791\"\n    aria-labelledby=\"tab-d6e1d895-1903-4035-aced-7cbe6cce7791\"\n    class=\"tab-panel fade hidden is-hidden\"\n>\n    <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-course-offer\">\n    <h3>Course offer for Semestre 3 (2025-2026 Winter)<\/h3>\n    \n<div id=\"accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\" class=\"accordion accordion--theme\">\n            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bf07\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Ateliers d&#039;\u00e9criture                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            1                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-173                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bf07\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Ateliers d&#039;\u00e9criture<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 1<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-173<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bf31\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Schreibwerkstatt                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            1                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-166                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bf31\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Schreibwerkstatt<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 1<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-166<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> DE<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bf4c\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Tutorat 3\/4                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            1                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-152                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bf4c\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Tutorat 3\/4<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 1<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-152<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN, DE<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        At the end of the tutorial, the students will have a toolkit of skills necessary to submit a good master thesis: developing a cutting-edge, relevant research question, scientific writing, in-depth source analysis, a reasonable structure for their research and the thesis, adequate methodological approaches, the ability to delimit relevant from purely interesting and redundant information etc.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>The tutorial shall guide and support the students during the process of writing their master thesis. It aims to meet the students&#8217; needs and will, within the frame given below, thus be adaptable to their individual requirements.<\/p><p>* 1st semester: Academic working (1 ECTS)<br>\u2013 How to structure an academic research<br>\u2013 How to find suitable primary sources<br>\u2013 How to find suitable secondary literature<br>At the end of the first semester, the students have acquainted themselves with the historical field they would like to write their master thesis in. In order to achieve more clarity about the feasibility of the proposed topic and the state of research, they have consulted with qualified researchers at the 91短视频, who are experts in the chosen historical field.<\/p><p>* 2nd semester: Developing the research questions (1 ECTS)<br>\u2013 Specification and confirmation of the chosen topic<br>\u2013 Aspects of the proposed analysis<br>\u2013 Actors<br>\u2013 Identification of potential corpora of sources and\/or archival funds<br>\u2013 Review of general secondary literature on the chosen subject<br>At the end of the second semester, the students present their research questions and methodology. At this point, they will have found a supervisor for their master thesis, with whom they shall from now on be in frequent contact concerning the progress of their work.<\/p><p>* 3rd semester: Academic writing (1 ECTS) and research process (1 ECTS)<br>\u2013 Writing sessions for historians in English, French or German<br>\u2013 Focusing the research field, identifying obstacles and proposing solutions<br>\u2013 Sighting of the primary sources<br>\u2013 More precise review of secondary literature<br>At the end of the third semester, the students submit a written source analysis (ca. five pages), based on one or two of the primary sources they intend to use for their master thesis.<\/p><p>* 4th semester: Writing the master thesis (1 ECTS)<br>During the fourth semester, there will be only one mandatory tutorial meeting with all students: they will present their research results, and the oral presentation will be attended not only by all students, but as well by all supervisors of their master theses.<br>In addition, one-on-one meetings are possible if required, e.g. due to difficulties with source material or in the research, the writing process in general or the preparation of the defense.<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        1 paper or presentation per semester + writing skills assessment.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bf63\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Writing workshop                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            1                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-155                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bf63\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Writing workshop<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 1<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-155<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bf7b\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                A New World dawning? Political change since the Renaissance                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-138                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bf7b\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> A New World dawning? Political change since the Renaissance<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-138<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 2 : Pratiques et perceptions du changement de l&#039;Antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9poque moderne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>At the end of this class, students should be able:<br>&#8211; to research and understand key changes of early modern political systems<\/p><br><p>&#8211; to construct an argument using primary sources and discussing secondary literature<\/p><br><p>&#8211; to critically engage with teleological views of progress and historical change<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The third seminar of this module critically engages with the notion of \u201cthreatened order\u201d in modernity. Since the late 15th century, European rulers were sending out fleets to identify new trade routes and gain access to natural and human resources, setting in motion increasing state competition, nascent capitalism and the transatlantic slave trade. Euphemistically known as \u201cthe age of discoveries\u201d, this first \u201cglobalization\u201d challenged old certainties be it in terms of nautical knowledge, astronomy, monetary economy or political thought. At the same time, religious reformations and concomitant political conflict stimulated intellectual debates, disseminated by the emerging printing press.<br>This seminar will focus on political changes in terms of state formation and colonization, comparing France and England (Great Britain after 1707). We will critically engage with the notion of \u201cabsolutism\u201d, explore the dynamics of early modern rebellions and revolutions and discuss politics of domination, cooperation and resistance in the American colonies.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        40%\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Active participation (including a presentation)<br>60 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Final essay<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\u00a0<\/p><br><p>Bibliographie<\/p><br><p><br>Ash, Ronald, Absolutism and Royal Government, in: Peter H. Wilson (ed.), A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Europe, Oxford: Blackwell, 2008, p. 451-63<br>Ertman, Thomas. Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: CUP, 1997.<br>Klooster, Wim. Revolutions in the Atlantic World, New Edition: A Comparative History. N.Y: New York University Press, 2018.<br>Lilti, Antoine, L&#8217;h\u00e9ritage des Lumi\u00e8res: Ambivalences de la modernit\u00e9. Paris: Seuil, EHESS, Gallimard, 2019.<br>Ruff, Julius R., Riots, Rebellions and Revolutions in Europe, in: Robert Antony, Stuart Carroll and Caroline Dodds Pennock (eds.), The Cambridge World History of Violence. Cambridge: CUP, 2020, p. 472-490.<br><br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bf94\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                The Greeks and the Others: the Orient in the Greek perception                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-122                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bf94\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> The Greeks and the Others: the Orient in the Greek perception<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-122<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 3 : Europe et les autres<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>At the end of the course, students should be able to<br><\/p><br><ul><br><li>analyse the primary and secondary sources on their perception and representation of \u201cotherness\u201d,\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>analyse the implications the construction of the \u201cOther\u201d had in ancient and in modern times,\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>find and critically use digital sources to gather, analyse, evaluate and visualise information.<br><\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Can we observe processes of \u201cothering\u201d already in antiquity? How were other peoples perceived and represented? How was the idea of the \u201cOther\u201d exploited in ancient and modern times? In this course, we will analyse the processes of \u201cothering\u201d based on the example of the Greek perception of the Orient from the Persian Wars up to the time of Alexander the Great. The conflict with Persia in the 5th century BC for example was a turning point in the construction of Greek identity. The Greeks had to reconsider their own values by contrasting them with a constructed \u201cBarbarian\u201d identity. A look at some key texts, e.g. the tragedies of Aeschylus or the \u201cPersian War\u201d of Herodotus, and at the visual representations will help to understand the processes as well as the aims of \u201cothering\u201d. Central to the discussion of the subject will be Edward Said\u2019s \u201cOrientalism\u201d that focuses on the perceived divide between East and West and the Eurocentric vision of the \u201cOrient\u201d.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a020 %\u00a0 Oral presentation<br>30 %\u00a0 Small assignments during the course\u00a0<br>50%\u00a0 \u00a0Final paper\u00a0<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliography:<\/p><br><ul><br><li>Gruen, E. S., Rethinking the Other in Antiquity, Oxford 2011.<\/li><br><li>Hall, E., Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-definition through tragedy, Oxford 1989.\u00a0<\/li><br><li>Isaac, B., The invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity, Princeton 2004.\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>Nippel, W., Griechen, Barbaren und \u201cWilde\u201d, Frankfurt a.M. 1990.<\/li><br><li>Said, E. W., Orientalism, New York 1978.<\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bfaa\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Pratiques, enjeux et \u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne 3\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-192                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bfaa\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Pratiques, enjeux et \u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne 3\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-192<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 4 : S\u00e9minaires<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            -Capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re critique la place de l\u2019historien-ne et de l\u2019histoire dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<br>-Ma\u00eetrise approfondie de l\u2019historiographie europ\u00e9enne contemporaine et de ses renouvellements<br>-Connaissances accrues dans le domaine de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019informatique, des r\u00e9seaux, des cultures num\u00e9riques, avec un \u00e9clairage particulier sur l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne<br>-D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une r\u00e9flexion sur la relation entre histoire et cultures mat\u00e9rielles<br>-Aptitude \u00e0 analyser et critiquer des sources num\u00e9riques (Wikipedia, presse num\u00e9ris\u00e9e, archives du Web, etc.) et r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019herm\u00e9neutique num\u00e9rique<br>-Exp\u00e9rience concr\u00e8te dans la conception et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une exposition sur l\u2019Europe du num\u00e9rique<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Le s\u00e9minaire de recherche se d\u00e9roule sur trois semestres et offre une progression du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral au particulier, en mettant d\u2019abord l\u2019accent sur les pratiques historiennes contemporaines, pour ensuite analyser plus sp\u00e9cifiquement les nouvelles \u00e9critures de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne au second semestre et enfin approfondir une th\u00e9matique plus sp\u00e9cifique au semestre 3 : l\u2019histoire du num\u00e9rique en Europe.<br>Le premier semestre permettra d\u2019aborder la diversit\u00e9s des pratiques historiennes et m\u00e9tiers de l\u2019histoire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque contemporaine, selon une double approche : d\u2019une part une approche historiographique d\u00e9marrant apr\u00e8s 1945 et tourn\u00e9e vers des parcours d\u2019historien-ne-s europ\u00e9ens; d\u2019autre part une d\u00e9couverte des m\u00e9tiers de l\u2019histoire pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s notamment par des professionnel-le-s qui reviendront sur leur parcours, leur m\u00e9tier et ses \u00e9volutions, les pratiques et enjeux de leurs activit\u00e9s. Cette r\u00e9flexion sera appuy\u00e9e sur des exp\u00e9riences et r\u00e9alisations num\u00e9riques (analyse de pages Wikipedia d\u2019historien-ne-es et de leur \u00e9volution\/enrichissement\/contributeurs ; r\u00e9alisation de productions num\u00e9riques sur des parcours d\u2019historien-nes).<br>Le second semestre permettra d\u2019introduire les \u00e9tudiant-e-s aux nouvelles approches en histoire europ\u00e9enne, et notamment de leur montrer les renouvellements induits par des r\u00e9flexions tourn\u00e9es vers l\u2019histoire culturelle, des m\u00e9dias, de l\u2019environnement, des techniques, etc. Ces nouvelles perspectives font toute leur place aux acteurs, aux r\u00e9seaux, \u00e0 une histoire saisie aussi par le bas et par les mouvements collectifs. Elles prennent en compte les m\u00e9moires ou encore \u00e9clairent des politiques qui ne sont pas exclusivement institutionnelles, mais concernent aussi la place des standards, des infrastructures, de l\u2019information, la participation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, des entreprises, etc. dans les processus europ\u00e9ens historiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre. Elles impliquent parfois aussi des sources et des m\u00e9thodologies nouvelles, que ce semestre permettra \u00e9galement d\u2019\u00e9clairer, en s\u2019int\u00e9ressant notamment aux cultures mat\u00e9rielles europ\u00e9ennes.<br>Le troisi\u00e8me semestre enfin approfondira encore ces nouvelles perspectives, en se penchant cette fois plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment sur l\u2019histoire du num\u00e9rique en Europe, ses acteurs, objets, enjeux. Il permettra \u00e9galement de mener une exp\u00e9rience de conception et r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une exposition collective sur le sujet.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>1er semestre<br>25 % Analyse de la fiche \u00ab Historien \u00bb en fran\u00e7ais, anglais ou allemand sur Wikipedia (travail \u00e9crit 3 pages)<br>35 %Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019une auto-biographie d\u2019historien-e-s<br>40 %Rapport final (environ 2000 mots, soit 5 pages) sur \u00ab Les apports des \u00e9go- histoires \u00bb \u00e0 une r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019\u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire<\/p><br><p>2nd semestre<br>50% Pr\u00e9sentation orale : g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie d\u2019objets et culture mat\u00e9rielle (et participation en cours aux discussions autour des lectures demand\u00e9es)<br>50% Rapport final (environ 2500 mots, soit 6-7 pages + bibliographie). Sujet: Une historiographie europ\u00e9enne en \u00e9volution<br>3\u00e8me semestre (projet d\u2019exposition) 50% Travail collaboratif sur l\u2019exposition<br>50% Production de contenus sp\u00e9cifique li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exposition (narration, choix de sources, biographies, etc.)<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences plus sp\u00e9cifiques et compl\u00e8tes seront fournies chaque semestre.<br>1er semestre<br>Cauchy P., Sirinelli J-F., Gauvard C. (dir.), Les historiens fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 l\u2019oeuvre (1995-2010), Paris, Puf, 2015.<br>\u00a0<br>Combe S., D\u2019ouest en Est, retour \u00e0 l\u2019archive, Paris, Ed. Sorbonne, 2013. Corbin A., Historien du sensible, Paris, La D\u00e9couverte, 2000.<br>Cordier D., De l\u2019Histoire \u00e0 l\u2019histoire, Paris, Gallimard, 2013. Dosse F., Nora P., Homo Historicus, Paris, Perrin, 2011.<br>Garcia P., \u00ab Histin\u00e9raires. La fabrique de l\u2019histoire telle qu\u2019elle se raconte \u00bb, Post du 14.02.2015, https:\/\/crheh.hypotheses.org\/542<br>Nora P. (dir.), Essais d\u2019ego-histoire, Paris, Gallimard, 1987.<br>Zinn H., You Can\u2019t Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History, Boston, Beacon Press; Reprint edition 2018.<br>2nd semestre<br>Collectif, Europa notre histoire. L\u2019h\u00e9ritage europ\u00e9en depuis Hom\u00e8re, Paris, Les Ar\u00e8nes, 2017<br>La s\u00e9rie des ouvrages Making Europe chez Palgrave Macmillan. https:\/\/www.makingeurope.eu\/books<br>3\u00e8me semestre<br>Alberts G., Oldenziel R., Hacking Europe: From Computer Cultures to Demoscenes, Londres, Springer, 2014.<br>Badouard R., Schafer V., \u201cInternet: A political issue for Europe (1970s\u20132010s)\u201d, in J. Bishop (ed.), Transforming politics and policy in the digital age (p. 69\u201384), Hershey, IGI Global, 2014.<br>Berners-Lee T., Weaving the Web, New York, Harper Business, 2000.<br>Davies H., Bressan B. (ed.), A History of International Research Networking, Wiley-VCH, 2010.<br>Fluckiger F., \u00ab Le r\u00e9seau des chercheurs europ\u00e9ens \u00bb, La Recherche, n\u00b0 328, 2000. Goggin G., McLelland M., The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories, New York et Londres, Routledge, 2010.<br>Griset P. (dir.), Informatique, politique industrielle, Europe : entre Plan Calcul et Unidata, Paris, Institut d\u2019histoire de l\u2019industrie, \u00c9ditions Rive Droite, 1998.<br>Griset P., Schafer V., \u201cHosting the World Wide Web Consortium for Europe: from Cern to Inria\u201d, History and Technology, volume 27, Issue 3, Taylor Francis, 2011, p. 353-370. Martin, O., \u201cThe hidden prehistory of European Research Networking\u201d, 2011. http:\/\/ictconsulting.ch\/reports\/EuropeanInternetHistory-draft-B.pdf<br>Misa T. J., Schot J., \u201cIntroduction. Inventing Europe: Technology and the hidden integration of Europe\u201d, History and Technology, 21(1), 2005, p. 1-19.<br>Paju P., \u201cNational Projects and International Users: Finland and Early European computerization\u201d, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 30, 4, 2008, p. 77\u201391. Schafer V., \u00ab L\u2019Europe des r\u00e9seaux dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, entre coop\u00e9ration et rivalit\u00e9s \u00bb, Insterstices, 2009<br>https:\/\/interstices.info\/jcms\/c_45877\/l-europe-des-reseaux-dans-les-annees-1970-entre- cooperations-et-rivalites<br>Schlombs C. \u201cEngineering international expansion: IBM and Remington Rand in European computer markets\u201d, IEEE Annals for the History of Computing, vol. 30, n\u00b04, 2008, p. 42-58.<br>Vedel T., \u00ab Les politiques des autoroutes de l&#8217;information dans les pays industrialis\u00e9s : une analyse comparative \u00bb, R\u00e9seaux, n\u00b078, 1996, p. 11-28.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bfbf\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 3\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-193                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bfbf\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 3\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-193<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 4 : S\u00e9minaires<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00c0 la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront capables<br>-de mobiliser leurs connaissances dans les domaines de la discipline, de la didactique et de l\u2019\u00e9pist\u00e9mologie historiques pour pr\u00e9parer des situations d&#8217;enseignement\/apprentissage en histoire ;<br>-d\u2019\u00e9laborer, de pr\u00e9senter et d\u2019analyser un dispositif d\u2019enseignement\/d\u2019apprentissage en histoire ;<br>-de justifier sur le plan th\u00e9orique les situations d&#8217;apprentissage planifi\u00e9es et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es;<br>-d&#8217;\u00e9tablir des liens entre th\u00e9orie et pratique ;<br>-d\u2019avoir une r\u00e9flexion critique sur l&#8217;apprentissage historique, et les opportunit\u00e9s et limites des diff\u00e9rentes formes de transmission de l&#8217;histoire<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        En se basant sur les concepts de &#8220;conscience historique&#8221;, &#8220;image(s) de l&#8217;histoire&#8221; et &#8220;construction de l&#8217;espace historique personnel&#8221;, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s d\u00e9couvriront le champ de la pratique didactique de l\u2019histoire. A la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s sauront cr\u00e9er des unit\u00e9s d\u2019apprentissage, menant une r\u00e9flexion sur la pratique de l\u2019enseignement et consid\u00e9rant les comp\u00e9tences escompt\u00e9es des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et autres apprenants. Ils seront port\u00e9s \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 appliquer des mod\u00e8les de comp\u00e9tences et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u2013 ceci \u00e0 partir de situations d\u2019apprentissage concr\u00e8tes.<br>Tout au long du s\u00e9minaire, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de l\u2019apprentissage historique dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique. Le s\u00e9minaire propose une r\u00e9flexion critique par rapport aux diff\u00e9rentes approches et concepts des didactiques de l\u2019histoire. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019apprendre ce qui fait la coh\u00e9rence (Triftigkeit) d\u2019une repr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9v\u00e9nements pass\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s exploreront les diff\u00e9rentes formes de conscience historique que l\u2019on peut trouver dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La concr\u00e9tisation didactique se fait \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019exemples de le\u00e7ons d\u2019histoire sp\u00e9cifiques, mais aussi de le\u00e7ons portant sur la culture historique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (Education civique et sociale, Sciences sociales, Connaissance du monde contemporain etc.)<br>Dans un premier temps, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s apprendront \u00e0 interroger de mani\u00e8re critique leurs propres connaissances et interpr\u00e9tations historiques par rapport aux sources, concepts et r\u00e9cits qui les sous-tendent. Des th\u00e8mes de chaque \u00e9poque historique (Antiquit\u00e9, Moyen \u00c2ge, Temps Modernes, \u00c9poque contemporaine) seront abord\u00e9s en alternance, en choisissant des objets qui, d\u2019une part, suscitent l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et, d\u2019autre part, permettent un traitement fructueux dans une perspective didactique (par exemple des th\u00e8mes de l\u2019histoire quotidienne, sociale, des mentalit\u00e9s, de la culture, des techniques et des r\u00e9gions). Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s s\u2019exercent \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019outils didactiques, en s\u2019appuyant sur une lecture critique de la litt\u00e9rature sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Au cours des trois semestres, cette approche sera approfondie.<br>Des stages d\u2019observation dans des lyc\u00e9es (sans ECTS suppl\u00e9mentaires) seront offerts au 2e semestre et accompagn\u00e9s par le responsable du cours. Par ailleurs, des excursions seront propos\u00e9es pour explorer comment enseigner l\u2019histoire en dehors de l\u2019\u00e9cole et comment int\u00e9grer dans la pratique didactique des objets du quotidien et des objets d\u2019art en tant que sources mat\u00e9rielles de connaissance historique. Le s\u00e9minaire permettra ainsi aux \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s d\u2019aiguiser leur conscience du temps (Zeitbewusstsein) et leur conscience historique (Geschichts-bewusstsein) \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019objets de la vie quotidienne et \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les exp\u00e9riences de continuit\u00e9 et d\u2019alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans le cadre d\u2019un travail historique.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        3\u00e8me semestre (projet)<br>60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une ou plusieurs s\u00e9quences d&#8217;enseignement-apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la planification pratique et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de l\u2019histoire.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, La construction de l\u2019espace historique personnel : l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l\u2019Histoire comme outil interculturel transversal, 2024 (article \u00e0 para\u00eetre)<br>\u00a0<br>Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, Historische Erfahrung? Vom Erleiden zum Handeln. Historisches Lernen als Konstruktion des pers\u00f6nlichen historischen Raumes; in: Historische Erfahrung, \u00e9d. par J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Lale Yildirim, Frankfurt am Main, 2022, p. 279-293<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Thomas Must \/ Lars Deile \/ Peter Riedel \/ Susan Krause \/ Wanda Sch\u00fcrenberg (\u00e9ds.), Geschichtsdidaktische Grundbegriffe: ein Bilderbuch f\u00fcr Studium, Lehre und Beruf, Hannover, 2020<br>Ulrich Mayer \/ Hans-J\u00fcrgen Pandel \/ Gerhard Schneider \/ Bernd Sch\u00f6nemann (\u00e9ds.), W\u00f6rterbuch Geschichtsdidaktik, Frankfurt am Main, 2022<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden, Geschichte ist Bewusstsein. Historie einer geschichtswissenschaftli- chen Fundamentalkategorie, Frankfurt am Main, 2018<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bfd6\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire \u00e9conomique et sociale de l&#039;Europe apr\u00e8s 1945                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-63                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bfd6\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire \u00e9conomique et sociale de l&#039;Europe apr\u00e8s 1945<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-63<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 5 : Histoire de l\u2019Europe aux XIX\u00e8me et XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cles.<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Au terme de cet enseignement les \u00e9tudiants\/\u00e9tudiantes seront en mesure :<\/p><br><p>-de comprendre les grands courants de la pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomiques (classique, n\u00e9oclassique, le keyn\u00e9sianisme, le marxisme, le courant de la r\u00e9gulation), leurs concepts fondamentaux (\u00c9tat, travail, valeur, monnaie, croissance, march\u00e9, etc), ainsi que leurs approches sp\u00e9cifiques (lib\u00e9ralisme, interventionnisme, \u00e9quilibre, solidarit\u00e9, etc). L\u2019acquisition de ces connaissances interdisciplinaires permettra d&#8217;appr\u00e9hender simultan\u00e9ment les tendances \u00e9conomiques et les transformations sociales qui marquent la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 contemporaine.<\/p><br><p>-d\u2019inscrire l\u2019histoire \u00e9conomique et sociale de l\u2019Europe dans une perspective multidimensionnelle et de longue dur\u00e9e.<\/p><br><p>-de ma\u00eetriser, du point de vue historique et prospectif, les principales \u00e9volutions \u00e9conomiques et sociales de l\u2019Europe depuis 1945 (espaces \u00e9conomiques et politiques, m\u00e9canismes, acteurs, structures, interrelations, facteurs d\u2019unit\u00e9 et de division, etc.), en tenant compte de la complexit\u00e9 du contexte historique et des traditions disciplinaires.<\/p><br><p>-de d\u00e9gager une probl\u00e9matique historiographique transnationale li\u00e9e \u00e0 la th\u00e9matique du cours et de d\u00e9velopper la capacit\u00e9 de contextualisation, de questionnement et d\u2019analyse critique.<\/p><br><p>-de cerner le r\u00f4le du Grand-Duch\u00e9 de Luxembourg dans le paysage \u00e9conomique et social europ\u00e9en et mondial (mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement, mod\u00e8le de concertation sociale, etc).<\/p><br><p>-d\u2019utiliser et d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter des sources primaires num\u00e9riques multim\u00e9dia (textes, images, son) relatives \u00e0 la th\u00e9matique du cours, ainsi que d\u2019employer des m\u00e9thodes et outils num\u00e9riques d\u2018analyse et de visualisation.<br><br><\/p>\u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le monde engage sa transformation dans le temps long, dont la croissance et le d\u00e9veloppement des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, l\u2019essor technologique, l\u2019urbanisation, le baby-boom, l\u2019\u00e9mancipation (politique, sociale, culturelle, ethnique, etc), la d\u00e9mocratisation de la consommation comptent parmi les cons\u00e9quences. Dans ce contexte, la reconstruction et le progr\u00e8s ult\u00e9rieur de l\u2019Europe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9s par plusieurs facteurs : la volont\u00e9 d\u2019instaurer une paix et une prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 durables ; le besoin des pays occidentaux de s\u2019unir face \u00e0 la menace sovi\u00e9tique ; la perte de poids g\u00e9opolitique de l\u2019Europe face aux d\u00e9fis socio- \u00e9conomiques et scientifiques de la mondialisation.<\/p><p>Apr\u00e8s une remise en perspective globale de l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019Europe au XXe si\u00e8cle avec ses diff\u00e9rente approches th\u00e9oriques et m\u00e9thodologiques, ce cours se concentrera d\u2019abord sur la typologie des r\u00e9gimes socio-\u00e9conomiques (\u00e9conomie libre, \u00e9conomie centralement planifi\u00e9e, \u00e9conomie sociale de march\u00e9, etc), sur les principaux flux (biens mat\u00e9riels, services, financi\u00e8res- mon\u00e9taires, personnes et r\u00e9seaux \u2013 \u00e9nergie, communications, savoir), crises et transitions depuis 1945, sur les particularit\u00e9s nationales et les sources d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 (entre pays, r\u00e9gions, citoyens, consommateurs).<\/p><p>On analysera plus particuli\u00e8rement l\u2019\u00e9volution \u00e9conomique et sociale de l\u2019Europe communautaire, depuis son \u00e9mergence autour des projets \u00e9conomiques (CECA, 1950 ; CEE et CEEA\/Euratom, 1957) et mon\u00e9taires, en passant par \u00ab l\u2019Europe sociale \u00bb (acteurs, r\u00e9gulation, facteurs de changement), ainsi que par des diverses strat\u00e9gies et politiques sociales en temps de crise. On pr\u00e9sentera \u00e9galement les principales dynamiques de l\u2019\u00e9conomie et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 luxembourgeoise, ainsi que sur la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de son mod\u00e8le de concertation sociale. On ne manquera pas de s\u2019interroger sur la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de l\u2019histoire \u00e9conomique et de l\u2019histoire sociale par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019histoire culturelle, \u00e0 l\u2019histoire politique, ainsi que sur les limites de la discipline.<\/p><p>Sur le plan m\u00e9thodologique, l\u2019appel aux sources primaires et aux m\u00e9thodes et outils d\u2019analyse et visualisation num\u00e9riques permettra de renouveler la d\u00e9marche historique et de rendre plus accessible la complexit\u00e9 et les enjeux de la probl\u00e9matique trait\u00e9e.<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br>10% Participation active au cours<br>20% Expos\u00e9 oral<br>30% Essai \u00e9crit<br>40% R\u00e9daction d\u2019un article sur Wikip\u00e9dia<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a0<br><ul><br><li><br>BERENDT, T. Ivan (2018). L\u2019histoire \u00e9conomique de l\u2019Europe au XXe si\u00e8cle. Du laisser-faire \u00e0 la globalisation. (Traduction de la 2e \u00e9dition par Emmanuel Debruyne). Louvain-la-Neuve : De Broeck Sup\u00e9rieur. <\/li><br><li>FICKERS, Andreas GRISET, Pascal (2019). Communicating Europe \u2013 Technologies, Information, Events. London: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/li><br><li>GEVORKYAN, Alekandr (2018). Transition Economies: Transformation, Development, and Society in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. London: Routledge.\u00a0<\/li><br><li>HUNT, Emery Kay LAUTZENHEISER, Mark (2015). History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective (3rd edition), London: Routledge.<br><\/li><br><li>JOYCE, Patrick (2010). \u2018What is the Social in Social History\u2019. In Past Present\u00a0 206\/1, p. 213-248.<br><\/li><br><li>JUDT, Tony (2006). Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945. London: Penguin Books.<br><\/li><br><li>KAEBLE, Hartmut (2013). A Social History of Europe: 1945-2000. New York: Berghahn Books.<br><\/li><br><li>LEBOUTTE, Ren\u00e9 (2008). Histoire \u00e9conomique et sociale de la construction europ\u00e9enne. Bruxelles: PIE Peter Lang.<br><\/li><br><li>PLEINEN, Jenny LUTZ, Raphael (2014). \u201cZeithistoriker in den Archiven der Sozialwissenschaften. Erkenntnispotenziale und Relevanzgewinne f\u00fcr die Disziplin\u201c. In Vierteljahreshefte f\u00fcr Zeitgeschichte 62\/2, p. 173-195.<br><\/li><br><li>RONCAGLIA, Alessandro (2019). The Age of Fragmentation: A History of Contemporary Economic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/li><br><li>WARLOUZET, Laurent (2018). Governing Europe in a Globalizing World. Neoliberalism and its Alternatives following the 1973 Oil Crisis. Oxon; New York: Routledge.<\/li><br><\/ul><br><p>\u00a0<\/p><br><p>\u00a0<\/p><br><p>\u00a0<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524bfee\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Russia\u2019s Place in Europe                 <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-195                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524bfee\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Russia\u2019s Place in Europe <\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-195<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 6 : Convergences, circulations et int\u00e9gration<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of this class, students should:<br>*have an understanding and basic knowledge of Russian history<br>*be able to apply concepts of Time, Borders, Nation, Revolutions, and others to their historical writing<br>*be able to write a research paper including a literature review, their methodology, and formulate an original research question and hypothesis                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        For Charles de Gaulle, Europe always extended from the Atlantic to the Urals, with which he called for broader cooperation between Western Europe and the Soviet Union after World War II. Yet, throughout its history, Russia\u2019s place in Europe has always been contested and debated. Russian history defies the Eurocentrist model of periodization, with its Middle Ages beginning roughly 500 years later, and only lasting 600 years. The origins of the Russian state can be traced to Varangian traders, Kievan Rus, or the Golden Horde. Russian rulers would look to East and West for inspiration for their nation building. And in the 20th century, the communists tried to undo all of that and turned utopian promises into a dystopian reality.<br>The course will take a longue dur\u00e9e approach by retracing key events of Russian history, before focusing on the 20th century. In doing so, we will explore the difficulty of aligning Russia\u2019s history with a Eurocentrist model, while simultaneously realizing that no history of Europe is complete without that of Russia. Misperceptions of Russia and the Soviet Union have led to severe misunderstandings (especially in politics). We will also apply several historical concepts and draw on theoretical literature of revolutions, nations, borders, time and others.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br>30% Active participation (including a presentation) <\/p><br><p>70 % Final essay<br><\/p>\u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c007\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Deindustrialization in a European perspective                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-176                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c007\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Deindustrialization in a European perspective<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-176<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 7 : Regards diff\u00e9r\u00e9s sur la construction europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of this course, students should be able<br>to understand the historiography and historiographical debates around processes of deindustrialization since the 1970s<br>to apply methods of source criticism and contextualize primary sources relating to European political, social, and economic developments<br>to understand historiographic concepts like deindustrialization, structural change (Strukturwandel) and history of the present (Vorgeschichte der Gegenwart)<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The economic crisis of the mid-1970s has been the starting point of a political, social, and economic process that is now perceived as \u201cdeindustrialization\u201d or \u201cstructural change\u201d. Deindustrialization refers to a massive reduction in industrial production, facilities, and jobs. From the mid-1970s, deindustrialization affected the classical industries of the early industrial period as well as the manufacturing centres for electronic consumer goods in many Western European countries like Belgium, France, the UK, Germany, and Luxembourg. Deindustrialization in Central and Eastern European countries was closely connected to the transition from planned to market economy following the years of 1989\/91 but was characterized by similar mechanisms and dynamics. Millions of jobs were lost in textiles and in heavy industry as well as the kitchen appliance, clock, and photographic industries. The so-called structural change was indeed one of the most significant transformation processes in contemporary history as deindustrialization has left its mark not only on the economy and politics, but also on places and the daily lives of individuals. This course will look at the process of deindustrialization in different European countries and discuss recent and ongoing historiographical debates about that topic.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>20% Presentation <\/p><br><p>80% Essay<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        &#8211; Arnold, J\u00f6rg. The British Miner in the Age of De-Industrialization: From Loser to Winner and Back Again. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023.<br>&#8211; Bonin, Hubert. D\u00e9bats autour de la d\u00e9sindustrialisation fran\u00e7aise. Bordeaux Economics Working Papers 16, Sept. 2022.<br>&#8211; Voigt, Sebastian, (ed.). Since the Boom: Continuity and Change in the Western Industrialized World after 1970. Toronto, Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press, 2021.<br>&#8211; Raphael, Lutz. Jenseits von Kohle und Stahl: eine Gesellschaftsgeschichte Westeuropas nach dem Boom. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2019.<br>&#8211; High, Steven C., Lachlan MacKinnon, and Andrew Perhard (eds.). The Deindustrialized World: Confronting Ruination in Postindustrial Places. Vancouver Toronto: UBC Press, 2017.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c020\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                A New World dawning? Political change since the Renaissance                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-138                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c020\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> A New World dawning? Political change since the Renaissance<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-138<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>At the end of this class, students should be able:<br>&#8211; to research and understand key changes of early modern political systems<\/p><br><p>&#8211; to construct an argument using primary sources and discussing secondary literature<\/p><br><p>&#8211; to critically engage with teleological views of progress and historical change<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The third seminar of this module critically engages with the notion of \u201cthreatened order\u201d in modernity. Since the late 15th century, European rulers were sending out fleets to identify new trade routes and gain access to natural and human resources, setting in motion increasing state competition, nascent capitalism and the transatlantic slave trade. Euphemistically known as \u201cthe age of discoveries\u201d, this first \u201cglobalization\u201d challenged old certainties be it in terms of nautical knowledge, astronomy, monetary economy or political thought. At the same time, religious reformations and concomitant political conflict stimulated intellectual debates, disseminated by the emerging printing press.<br>This seminar will focus on political changes in terms of state formation and colonization, comparing France and England (Great Britain after 1707). We will critically engage with the notion of \u201cabsolutism\u201d, explore the dynamics of early modern rebellions and revolutions and discuss politics of domination, cooperation and resistance in the American colonies.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        40%\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Active participation (including a presentation)<br>60 %\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Final essay<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\u00a0<\/p><br><p>Bibliographie<\/p><br><p><br>Ash, Ronald, Absolutism and Royal Government, in: Peter H. Wilson (ed.), A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Europe, Oxford: Blackwell, 2008, p. 451-63<br>Ertman, Thomas. Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: CUP, 1997.<br>Klooster, Wim. Revolutions in the Atlantic World, New Edition: A Comparative History. N.Y: New York University Press, 2018.<br>Lilti, Antoine, L&#8217;h\u00e9ritage des Lumi\u00e8res: Ambivalences de la modernit\u00e9. Paris: Seuil, EHESS, Gallimard, 2019.<br>Ruff, Julius R., Riots, Rebellions and Revolutions in Europe, in: Robert Antony, Stuart Carroll and Caroline Dodds Pennock (eds.), The Cambridge World History of Violence. Cambridge: CUP, 2020, p. 472-490.<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c03a\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Deindustrialization in a European perspective                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-176                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c03a\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Deindustrialization in a European perspective<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-176<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of this course, students should be able<br>to understand the historiography and historiographical debates around processes of deindustrialization since the 1970s<br>to apply methods of source criticism and contextualize primary sources relating to European political, social, and economic developments<br>to understand historiographic concepts like deindustrialization, structural change (Strukturwandel) and history of the present (Vorgeschichte der Gegenwart)<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        The economic crisis of the mid-1970s has been the starting point of a political, social, and economic process that is now perceived as \u201cdeindustrialization\u201d or \u201cstructural change\u201d. Deindustrialization refers to a massive reduction in industrial production, facilities, and jobs. From the mid-1970s, deindustrialization affected the classical industries of the early industrial period as well as the manufacturing centres for electronic consumer goods in many Western European countries like Belgium, France, the UK, Germany, and Luxembourg. Deindustrialization in Central and Eastern European countries was closely connected to the transition from planned to market economy following the years of 1989\/91 but was characterized by similar mechanisms and dynamics. Millions of jobs were lost in textiles and in heavy industry as well as the kitchen appliance, clock, and photographic industries. The so-called structural change was indeed one of the most significant transformation processes in contemporary history as deindustrialization has left its mark not only on the economy and politics, but also on places and the daily lives of individuals. This course will look at the process of deindustrialization in different European countries and discuss recent and ongoing historiographical debates about that topic.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>20% Presentation <\/p><br><p>80% Essay<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        &#8211; Arnold, J\u00f6rg. The British Miner in the Age of De-Industrialization: From Loser to Winner and Back Again. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023.<br>&#8211; Bonin, Hubert. D\u00e9bats autour de la d\u00e9sindustrialisation fran\u00e7aise. Bordeaux Economics Working Papers 16, Sept. 2022.<br>&#8211; Voigt, Sebastian, (ed.). Since the Boom: Continuity and Change in the Western Industrialized World after 1970. Toronto, Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press, 2021.<br>&#8211; Raphael, Lutz. Jenseits von Kohle und Stahl: eine Gesellschaftsgeschichte Westeuropas nach dem Boom. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2019.<br>&#8211; High, Steven C., Lachlan MacKinnon, and Andrew Perhard (eds.). The Deindustrialized World: Confronting Ruination in Postindustrial Places. Vancouver Toronto: UBC Press, 2017.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c062\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Einf\u00fchrung in die P\u00e4dagogische Psychologie                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            F3_SECEDUC-129                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c062\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Einf\u00fchrung in die P\u00e4dagogische Psychologie<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> F3_SECEDUC-129<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> DE<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            <ul><br><li>Ein (P\u00e4dagogisch-) Psychologisches Fundament f\u00fcr angehende Lehrerinnen und Lehrer zur Verf\u00fcgung stellen<\/li><br><li>Unterricht aus seiner psychologischen Perspektive analysieren<\/li><br><li>Prozesse wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinns und seiner Bedeutung f\u00fcr die Berufspraxis nachvollziehbar machen<\/li><br><li>Zum eigenst\u00e4ndigen Denken und professionellem Handeln anregen<\/li><br><li>Typische Mythen und Fehlkonzepte in Bezug auf Lernen und Unterricht aus psychologischer Sicht hinterfragen und ggf. korrigieren<\/li><br><\/ul>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Die Vorlesung f\u00fchrt ein in Gegenstand und Methode der (P\u00e4dagogischen) Psychologie als empirische Wissenschaft und ihrer Bedeutung f\u00fcr angehende LehrerInnen.\u00a0 Insbesondere die P\u00e4dagogische Psychologie, aber auch die Allgemeine, Differentielle, Entwicklungs- und Sozialpsychologie tragen bei zum Verst\u00e4ndnis menschlichem Erleben und Verhalten in Kontexten der Erziehung, der Bildung und des (formalen) Lernens (bzw. Unterrichtens). Vorgestellt und diskutiert werden zun\u00e4chst allgemeine Inhalte und Methoden der Psychologie als empirischer Wissenschaft, allgemeine Lernvoraussetzungen (z.B. Informations-verarbeitung, Lernmotivation), Aspekte der Unterrichtsgestaltung (z.B. Klassenf\u00fchrung), Aspekte der sozialen Interaktion (z.B. Freundschaft, Bullying), psychologische Besonderheiten des Lehrerberufs (z.B. Lehrerpers\u00f6nlichkeit, Burnout) sowie verschiedene Aspekte p\u00e4dagogisch-psychologischer Diagnostik (z.B. ausgew\u00e4hlte Lernst\u00f6rungen wie ADHS). Dabei werden sowohl empirische Originalstudien als auch empirisch fundierte Interventionsans\u00e4tze zur Illustration vertiefend besprochen. Zudem werden Fallbeispiele und \u00dcbungen besprochen und durchgef\u00fchrt.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Schriftliche Klausur                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br>Bibliografie<br>Grundlagenliteratur (d.h. online verf\u00fcgbar und pr\u00fcfungsrelevant, spez. Kap.)<br><\/p><br><ul><br><li>Fritz, A., Hussy, W. Tobinski, D. (2018). P\u00e4dagogische Psychologie. M\u00fcnchen: Reinhardt\/UTB.<\/li><br><li>Fromm, M. (2017). Lernen und Lehren: Psychologische Grundlagen f\u00fcr Lehramtsstudierende. M\u00fcnster: Waxmann.<\/li><br><li>G\u00f6tz, T. (2017, Hrsg.). Emotion, Motivation und selbstreguliertes Lernen. Paderborn: Sch\u00f6ningh\/UTB.<\/li><br><li>Imhoff, M. (2013). Psychologie f\u00fcr Lehramtsstudierende. Berlin: Springer.<\/li><br><li>Kunter, M. Trautwein, U. (2013). Psychologie des Unterrichts. Paderborn: Sch\u00f6ningh\/UTB.<\/li><br><li>Wild, E. M\u00f6ller, J. (2015, Hrsg.). P\u00e4dagogische Psychologie. Berlin: Springer.<\/li><br><li>Wisniewski, B. (2019). Psychologie f\u00fcr die Lehrerbildung. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt\/UTB.<\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c07e\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Einf\u00fchrung in die Schulp\u00e4dagogik                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            F3_SECEDUC-197                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c07e\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Einf\u00fchrung in die Schulp\u00e4dagogik<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> F3_SECEDUC-197<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> <\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br>Die Studierenden haben gelernt:<br><\/p><br><ul><br><li>Sinn, Absicht und Realit\u00e4t von Schule unter einem historischen, p\u00e4dagogischen udn soziologischen Blickwinkel zu analysieren<\/li><br><li>Den Lehrerberuf als Profession zu verstehen<\/li><br><li>Den Zusammenhang von Bildung, Bildungszielen und Bildungspl\u00e4nen zu erkennen<\/li><br><li>Lernen als sozialen Prozess zu beschreiben<\/li><br><li>Verschiedene Ideen davon, was &#8220;guten Unterricht&#8221; ausmacht zu diskutieren<\/li><br><\/ul><br><p>\u00a0<\/p><br><p><br>Die Studierenden sind in der Lage:<br><\/p><br><ul><br><li>Professionelle Standards von Lehrerhandeln umzusetzen<\/li><br><li>Die Bedingungen des luxemburgischen Schulsystems zu analysieren und verschiedene Theorien zur Unterrichtsqualit\u00e4t und Diagnostik anzuwenden.<\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Die Vorlesung &#8220;Einf\u00fchrung in die Schulp\u00e4dagogik&#8221; analysiert die (luxemburgische) Schule als eine historisch gewachsene Institution, die ganz unterschiedlichen Zwecken dient bzw. dienen soll. Dabei stehen p\u00e4dagogische, soziologische und historische Erkl\u00e4rungsans\u00e4tze im Mittelpunkt der Beschreibung schulischer Wirklichkeiten. Zudem werden der Lehrerberuf sowie die Schulentwicklung (Curricula, Bildungsziele, etc.) auf ihre professionellen Begr\u00fcndungen hin vorgestellt und hinterfragt. Die Vorlesung f\u00fchrt ebenfalls in die wichtigsten Ideen zum Thema &#8220;Lernen&#8221; und zur Unterrichtsqualit\u00e4t ein.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        End-of-term Assessment: Klausur.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br>Bibliographie:<br><\/p><br><ul><br><li>Ludwig Haag, Sibylle Rahm, Hans J\u00fcrgen Apel, Werner Sacher (Hrsg.): Studienbuch Schulp\u00e4dagogik. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt 2013.\u00a0<\/li><br><\/ul><br><ul><br><li>Hanna Kiper, Hilbert Meyer, Wilhelm Topsch (Hrsg.): Einf\u00fchrung in die Schulp\u00e4dagogik. Cornelsen Verlag 2011.\u00a0<\/li><br><li>Ilona Esslinger-Hinz, Anne Sliwka (Hrsg.): Schulp\u00e4dagogik. Beltz Verlag 2011.<\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c095\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Pratiques, enjeux et \u00e9critures de l\u2019histoire aux 20e  et 21e si\u00e8cles                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-191                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c095\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Pratiques, enjeux et \u00e9critures de l\u2019histoire aux 20e  et 21e si\u00e8cles<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-191<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c0b0\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Russia\u2019s Place in Europe                 <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-195                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c0b0\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Russia\u2019s Place in Europe <\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-195<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of this class, students should:<br>*have an understanding and basic knowledge of Russian history<br>*be able to apply concepts of Time, Borders, Nation, Revolutions, and others to their historical writing<br>*be able to write a research paper including a literature review, their methodology, and formulate an original research question and hypothesis                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        For Charles de Gaulle, Europe always extended from the Atlantic to the Urals, with which he called for broader cooperation between Western Europe and the Soviet Union after World War II. Yet, throughout its history, Russia\u2019s place in Europe has always been contested and debated. Russian history defies the Eurocentrist model of periodization, with its Middle Ages beginning roughly 500 years later, and only lasting 600 years. The origins of the Russian state can be traced to Varangian traders, Kievan Rus, or the Golden Horde. Russian rulers would look to East and West for inspiration for their nation building. And in the 20th century, the communists tried to undo all of that and turned utopian promises into a dystopian reality.<br>The course will take a longue dur\u00e9e approach by retracing key events of Russian history, before focusing on the 20th century. In doing so, we will explore the difficulty of aligning Russia\u2019s history with a Eurocentrist model, while simultaneously realizing that no history of Europe is complete without that of Russia. Misperceptions of Russia and the Soviet Union have led to severe misunderstandings (especially in politics). We will also apply several historical concepts and draw on theoretical literature of revolutions, nations, borders, time and others.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p><br><br>30% Active participation (including a presentation) <\/p><br><p>70 % Final essay<br><\/p>\u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c0cc\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                The Greeks and the Others: the Orient in the Greek perception                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-122                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c0cc\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> The Greeks and the Others: the Orient in the Greek perception<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-122<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>At the end of the course, students should be able to<br><\/p><br><ul><br><li>analyse the primary and secondary sources on their perception and representation of \u201cotherness\u201d,\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>analyse the implications the construction of the \u201cOther\u201d had in ancient and in modern times,\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>find and critically use digital sources to gather, analyse, evaluate and visualise information.<br><\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Can we observe processes of \u201cothering\u201d already in antiquity? How were other peoples perceived and represented? How was the idea of the \u201cOther\u201d exploited in ancient and modern times? In this course, we will analyse the processes of \u201cothering\u201d based on the example of the Greek perception of the Orient from the Persian Wars up to the time of Alexander the Great. The conflict with Persia in the 5th century BC for example was a turning point in the construction of Greek identity. The Greeks had to reconsider their own values by contrasting them with a constructed \u201cBarbarian\u201d identity. A look at some key texts, e.g. the tragedies of Aeschylus or the \u201cPersian War\u201d of Herodotus, and at the visual representations will help to understand the processes as well as the aims of \u201cothering\u201d. Central to the discussion of the subject will be Edward Said\u2019s \u201cOrientalism\u201d that focuses on the perceived divide between East and West and the Eurocentric vision of the \u201cOrient\u201d.                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00a020 %\u00a0 Oral presentation<br>30 %\u00a0 Small assignments during the course\u00a0<br>50%\u00a0 \u00a0Final paper\u00a0<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Bibliography:<\/p><br><ul><br><li>Gruen, E. S., Rethinking the Other in Antiquity, Oxford 2011.<\/li><br><li>Hall, E., Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-definition through tragedy, Oxford 1989.\u00a0<\/li><br><li>Isaac, B., The invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity, Princeton 2004.\u00a0<br><\/li><br><li>Nippel, W., Griechen, Barbaren und \u201cWilde\u201d, Frankfurt a.M. 1990.<\/li><br><li>Said, E. W., Orientalism, New York 1978.<\/li><br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c0e9\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Pratiques, enjeux et \u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne 3\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-192                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c0e9\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Pratiques, enjeux et \u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne 3\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-192<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            -Capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re critique la place de l\u2019historien-ne et de l\u2019histoire dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<br>-Ma\u00eetrise approfondie de l\u2019historiographie europ\u00e9enne contemporaine et de ses renouvellements<br>-Connaissances accrues dans le domaine de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019informatique, des r\u00e9seaux, des cultures num\u00e9riques, avec un \u00e9clairage particulier sur l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne<br>-D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une r\u00e9flexion sur la relation entre histoire et cultures mat\u00e9rielles<br>-Aptitude \u00e0 analyser et critiquer des sources num\u00e9riques (Wikipedia, presse num\u00e9ris\u00e9e, archives du Web, etc.) et r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019herm\u00e9neutique num\u00e9rique<br>-Exp\u00e9rience concr\u00e8te dans la conception et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une exposition sur l\u2019Europe du num\u00e9rique<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Le s\u00e9minaire de recherche se d\u00e9roule sur trois semestres et offre une progression du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral au particulier, en mettant d\u2019abord l\u2019accent sur les pratiques historiennes contemporaines, pour ensuite analyser plus sp\u00e9cifiquement les nouvelles \u00e9critures de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne au second semestre et enfin approfondir une th\u00e9matique plus sp\u00e9cifique au semestre 3 : l\u2019histoire du num\u00e9rique en Europe.<br>Le premier semestre permettra d\u2019aborder la diversit\u00e9s des pratiques historiennes et m\u00e9tiers de l\u2019histoire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque contemporaine, selon une double approche : d\u2019une part une approche historiographique d\u00e9marrant apr\u00e8s 1945 et tourn\u00e9e vers des parcours d\u2019historien-ne-s europ\u00e9ens; d\u2019autre part une d\u00e9couverte des m\u00e9tiers de l\u2019histoire pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s notamment par des professionnel-le-s qui reviendront sur leur parcours, leur m\u00e9tier et ses \u00e9volutions, les pratiques et enjeux de leurs activit\u00e9s. Cette r\u00e9flexion sera appuy\u00e9e sur des exp\u00e9riences et r\u00e9alisations num\u00e9riques (analyse de pages Wikipedia d\u2019historien-ne-es et de leur \u00e9volution\/enrichissement\/contributeurs ; r\u00e9alisation de productions num\u00e9riques sur des parcours d\u2019historien-nes).<br>Le second semestre permettra d\u2019introduire les \u00e9tudiant-e-s aux nouvelles approches en histoire europ\u00e9enne, et notamment de leur montrer les renouvellements induits par des r\u00e9flexions tourn\u00e9es vers l\u2019histoire culturelle, des m\u00e9dias, de l\u2019environnement, des techniques, etc. Ces nouvelles perspectives font toute leur place aux acteurs, aux r\u00e9seaux, \u00e0 une histoire saisie aussi par le bas et par les mouvements collectifs. Elles prennent en compte les m\u00e9moires ou encore \u00e9clairent des politiques qui ne sont pas exclusivement institutionnelles, mais concernent aussi la place des standards, des infrastructures, de l\u2019information, la participation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, des entreprises, etc. dans les processus europ\u00e9ens historiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre. Elles impliquent parfois aussi des sources et des m\u00e9thodologies nouvelles, que ce semestre permettra \u00e9galement d\u2019\u00e9clairer, en s\u2019int\u00e9ressant notamment aux cultures mat\u00e9rielles europ\u00e9ennes.<br>Le troisi\u00e8me semestre enfin approfondira encore ces nouvelles perspectives, en se penchant cette fois plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment sur l\u2019histoire du num\u00e9rique en Europe, ses acteurs, objets, enjeux. Il permettra \u00e9galement de mener une exp\u00e9rience de conception et r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une exposition collective sur le sujet.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>1er semestre<br>25 % Analyse de la fiche \u00ab Historien \u00bb en fran\u00e7ais, anglais ou allemand sur Wikipedia (travail \u00e9crit 3 pages)<br>35 %Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019une auto-biographie d\u2019historien-e-s<br>40 %Rapport final (environ 2000 mots, soit 5 pages) sur \u00ab Les apports des \u00e9go- histoires \u00bb \u00e0 une r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019\u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire<\/p><br><p>2nd semestre<br>50% Pr\u00e9sentation orale : g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie d\u2019objets et culture mat\u00e9rielle (et participation en cours aux discussions autour des lectures demand\u00e9es)<br>50% Rapport final (environ 2500 mots, soit 6-7 pages + bibliographie). Sujet: Une historiographie europ\u00e9enne en \u00e9volution<br>3\u00e8me semestre (projet d\u2019exposition) 50% Travail collaboratif sur l\u2019exposition<br>50% Production de contenus sp\u00e9cifique li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exposition (narration, choix de sources, biographies, etc.)<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences plus sp\u00e9cifiques et compl\u00e8tes seront fournies chaque semestre.<br>1er semestre<br>Cauchy P., Sirinelli J-F., Gauvard C. (dir.), Les historiens fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 l\u2019oeuvre (1995-2010), Paris, Puf, 2015.<br>\u00a0<br>Combe S., D\u2019ouest en Est, retour \u00e0 l\u2019archive, Paris, Ed. Sorbonne, 2013. Corbin A., Historien du sensible, Paris, La D\u00e9couverte, 2000.<br>Cordier D., De l\u2019Histoire \u00e0 l\u2019histoire, Paris, Gallimard, 2013. Dosse F., Nora P., Homo Historicus, Paris, Perrin, 2011.<br>Garcia P., \u00ab Histin\u00e9raires. La fabrique de l\u2019histoire telle qu\u2019elle se raconte \u00bb, Post du 14.02.2015, https:\/\/crheh.hypotheses.org\/542<br>Nora P. (dir.), Essais d\u2019ego-histoire, Paris, Gallimard, 1987.<br>Zinn H., You Can\u2019t Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History, Boston, Beacon Press; Reprint edition 2018.<br>2nd semestre<br>Collectif, Europa notre histoire. L\u2019h\u00e9ritage europ\u00e9en depuis Hom\u00e8re, Paris, Les Ar\u00e8nes, 2017<br>La s\u00e9rie des ouvrages Making Europe chez Palgrave Macmillan. https:\/\/www.makingeurope.eu\/books<br>3\u00e8me semestre<br>Alberts G., Oldenziel R., Hacking Europe: From Computer Cultures to Demoscenes, Londres, Springer, 2014.<br>Badouard R., Schafer V., \u201cInternet: A political issue for Europe (1970s\u20132010s)\u201d, in J. Bishop (ed.), Transforming politics and policy in the digital age (p. 69\u201384), Hershey, IGI Global, 2014.<br>Berners-Lee T., Weaving the Web, New York, Harper Business, 2000.<br>Davies H., Bressan B. (ed.), A History of International Research Networking, Wiley-VCH, 2010.<br>Fluckiger F., \u00ab Le r\u00e9seau des chercheurs europ\u00e9ens \u00bb, La Recherche, n\u00b0 328, 2000. Goggin G., McLelland M., The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories, New York et Londres, Routledge, 2010.<br>Griset P. (dir.), Informatique, politique industrielle, Europe : entre Plan Calcul et Unidata, Paris, Institut d\u2019histoire de l\u2019industrie, \u00c9ditions Rive Droite, 1998.<br>Griset P., Schafer V., \u201cHosting the World Wide Web Consortium for Europe: from Cern to Inria\u201d, History and Technology, volume 27, Issue 3, Taylor Francis, 2011, p. 353-370. Martin, O., \u201cThe hidden prehistory of European Research Networking\u201d, 2011. http:\/\/ictconsulting.ch\/reports\/EuropeanInternetHistory-draft-B.pdf<br>Misa T. J., Schot J., \u201cIntroduction. Inventing Europe: Technology and the hidden integration of Europe\u201d, History and Technology, 21(1), 2005, p. 1-19.<br>Paju P., \u201cNational Projects and International Users: Finland and Early European computerization\u201d, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 30, 4, 2008, p. 77\u201391. Schafer V., \u00ab L\u2019Europe des r\u00e9seaux dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, entre coop\u00e9ration et rivalit\u00e9s \u00bb, Insterstices, 2009<br>https:\/\/interstices.info\/jcms\/c_45877\/l-europe-des-reseaux-dans-les-annees-1970-entre- cooperations-et-rivalites<br>Schlombs C. \u201cEngineering international expansion: IBM and Remington Rand in European computer markets\u201d, IEEE Annals for the History of Computing, vol. 30, n\u00b04, 2008, p. 42-58.<br>Vedel T., \u00ab Les politiques des autoroutes de l&#8217;information dans les pays industrialis\u00e9s : une analyse comparative \u00bb, R\u00e9seaux, n\u00b078, 1996, p. 11-28.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c102\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 3\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-193                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c102\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Conscience historique et didactique de l\u2019histoire 3\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-193<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Course learning outcomes<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        \u00c0 la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront capables<br>-de mobiliser leurs connaissances dans les domaines de la discipline, de la didactique et de l\u2019\u00e9pist\u00e9mologie historiques pour pr\u00e9parer des situations d&#8217;enseignement\/apprentissage en histoire ;<br>-d\u2019\u00e9laborer, de pr\u00e9senter et d\u2019analyser un dispositif d\u2019enseignement\/d\u2019apprentissage en histoire ;<br>-de justifier sur le plan th\u00e9orique les situations d&#8217;apprentissage planifi\u00e9es et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es;<br>-d&#8217;\u00e9tablir des liens entre th\u00e9orie et pratique ;<br>-d\u2019avoir une r\u00e9flexion critique sur l&#8217;apprentissage historique, et les opportunit\u00e9s et limites des diff\u00e9rentes formes de transmission de l&#8217;histoire<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        En se basant sur les concepts de &#8220;conscience historique&#8221;, &#8220;image(s) de l&#8217;histoire&#8221; et &#8220;construction de l&#8217;espace historique personnel&#8221;, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s d\u00e9couvriront le champ de la pratique didactique de l\u2019histoire. A la fin du cours, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s sauront cr\u00e9er des unit\u00e9s d\u2019apprentissage, menant une r\u00e9flexion sur la pratique de l\u2019enseignement et consid\u00e9rant les comp\u00e9tences escompt\u00e9es des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et autres apprenants. Ils seront port\u00e9s \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 appliquer des mod\u00e8les de comp\u00e9tences et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u2013 ceci \u00e0 partir de situations d\u2019apprentissage concr\u00e8tes.<br>Tout au long du s\u00e9minaire, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de l\u2019apprentissage historique dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique. Le s\u00e9minaire propose une r\u00e9flexion critique par rapport aux diff\u00e9rentes approches et concepts des didactiques de l\u2019histoire. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019apprendre ce qui fait la coh\u00e9rence (Triftigkeit) d\u2019une repr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9v\u00e9nements pass\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s exploreront les diff\u00e9rentes formes de conscience historique que l\u2019on peut trouver dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La concr\u00e9tisation didactique se fait \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019exemples de le\u00e7ons d\u2019histoire sp\u00e9cifiques, mais aussi de le\u00e7ons portant sur la culture historique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (Education civique et sociale, Sciences sociales, Connaissance du monde contemporain etc.)<br>Dans un premier temps, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s apprendront \u00e0 interroger de mani\u00e8re critique leurs propres connaissances et interpr\u00e9tations historiques par rapport aux sources, concepts et r\u00e9cits qui les sous-tendent. Des th\u00e8mes de chaque \u00e9poque historique (Antiquit\u00e9, Moyen \u00c2ge, Temps Modernes, \u00c9poque contemporaine) seront abord\u00e9s en alternance, en choisissant des objets qui, d\u2019une part, suscitent l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des \u00e9l\u00e8ves et, d\u2019autre part, permettent un traitement fructueux dans une perspective didactique (par exemple des th\u00e8mes de l\u2019histoire quotidienne, sociale, des mentalit\u00e9s, de la culture, des techniques et des r\u00e9gions). Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s s\u2019exercent \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019outils didactiques, en s\u2019appuyant sur une lecture critique de la litt\u00e9rature sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Au cours des trois semestres, cette approche sera approfondie.<br>Des stages d\u2019observation dans des lyc\u00e9es (sans ECTS suppl\u00e9mentaires) seront offerts au 2e semestre et accompagn\u00e9s par le responsable du cours. Par ailleurs, des excursions seront propos\u00e9es pour explorer comment enseigner l\u2019histoire en dehors de l\u2019\u00e9cole et comment int\u00e9grer dans la pratique didactique des objets du quotidien et des objets d\u2019art en tant que sources mat\u00e9rielles de connaissance historique. Le s\u00e9minaire permettra ainsi aux \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s d\u2019aiguiser leur conscience du temps (Zeitbewusstsein) et leur conscience historique (Geschichts-bewusstsein) \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019objets de la vie quotidienne et \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les exp\u00e9riences de continuit\u00e9 et d\u2019alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans le cadre d\u2019un travail historique.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        3\u00e8me semestre (projet)<br>60% \u00c9laboration et pr\u00e9sentation (partielle) d&#8217;une ou plusieurs s\u00e9quences d&#8217;enseignement-apprentissage en histoire, \u00e0 rendre sous forme de dossier \u00e0 la fin du s\u00e9minaire<br>20% R\u00e9flexion \u00e9crite sur le lien entre la planification pratique et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de la didactique de l&#8217;histoire abord\u00e9s dans le s\u00e9minaire<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation(s) orale en classe de concepts th\u00e9oriques des didactiques de l\u2019histoire.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, La construction de l\u2019espace historique personnel : l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l\u2019Histoire comme outil interculturel transversal, 2024 (article \u00e0 para\u00eetre)<br>\u00a0<br>Mike Richartz \/ Melanie Noesen, Historische Erfahrung? Vom Erleiden zum Handeln. Historisches Lernen als Konstruktion des pers\u00f6nlichen historischen Raumes; in: Historische Erfahrung, \u00e9d. par J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Lale Yildirim, Frankfurt am Main, 2022, p. 279-293<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden \/ Thomas Must \/ Lars Deile \/ Peter Riedel \/ Susan Krause \/ Wanda Sch\u00fcrenberg (\u00e9ds.), Geschichtsdidaktische Grundbegriffe: ein Bilderbuch f\u00fcr Studium, Lehre und Beruf, Hannover, 2020<br>Ulrich Mayer \/ Hans-J\u00fcrgen Pandel \/ Gerhard Schneider \/ Bernd Sch\u00f6nemann (\u00e9ds.), W\u00f6rterbuch Geschichtsdidaktik, Frankfurt am Main, 2022<br>J\u00f6rg van Norden, Geschichte ist Bewusstsein. Historie einer geschichtswissenschaftli- chen Fundamentalkategorie, Frankfurt am Main, 2018<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c11c\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 1\/3                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-189                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c11c\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Histoire et culture parlementaires au Luxembourg et en Europe occidentale depuis 1919 &#8211; 1\/3<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-189<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            -Ma\u00eetrise approfondie de l\u2019historiographie de la d\u00e9mocratie repr\u00e9sentative en Europe occidentale<br>-D\u00e9veloppement de connaissances en mati\u00e8re d\u2019histoire institutionnelle et parlementaire<br>-Aptitude \u00e0 analyser et critiquer des sources vari\u00e9es (parlementaires, presse, orales, \u2026) et r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019herm\u00e9neutique<br>-Familiarisation avec l\u2019approche comparatiste en Histoire<br>-R\u00e9alisation de travaux de recherche personnels contribuant de mani\u00e8re substantielle \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du parlementarisme au Luxembourg<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Le s\u00e9minaire de recherche se d\u00e9roule sur trois semestres et offre un apprentissage progressif.<br>Le premier semestre permettra d\u2019aborder l\u2019historiographie et les concepts de l\u2019histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale et au Luxembourg en particulier. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9.es \u00e0 lire, pr\u00e9senter et discuter des textes fondamentaux dans le domaine ainsi que dans le domaine de l\u2019Histoire compar\u00e9e. Du point de vue du contenu, l\u2019accent est mis sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019institution parlementaire et de ses acteurs et non pas, comme ce fut r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le cas dans l\u2019historiographie luxembourgeoise existante, sur les grands d\u00e9bats politiques.<br>Le second semestre sera consacr\u00e9 au travail avec les sources sur le parlementarisme et son \u00e9volution au Luxembourg. En coop\u00e9ration avec les archives de la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s, les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s s\u2019interrogeront sur le profil socio-politique des d\u00e9put\u00e9s depuis 1919, sur l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire et sur la mise en place progressive d\u2019une administration du Parlement. Une attention particuli\u00e8re sera donn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019identification des transferts potentiels entre le Luxembourg et ses voisins en mati\u00e8re d\u2019organisation de la vie parlementaire. L\u2019analyse de ces sources et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une probl\u00e9matique pour le travail final concluront ce semestre.<br>Le troisi\u00e8me semestre sera celui de la production d\u2019un travail de recherche historique. Celui-ci devra comprendre une comparaison un avec autre pays de l\u2019Europe occidentale, \u00e9tablie sur base de la litt\u00e9rature scientifique. Les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7e\u00b7s seront amen\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter leur projet personnel durant le semestre.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>1er semestre<br>50 % Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte en rapport avec la m\u00e9thodologie en Histoire parlementaire ou en Histoire compar\u00e9e<br>50 %Pr\u00e9sentation orale d\u2019un texte sur l\u2019Histoire parlementaire en Europe occidentale ou au Luxembourg<br>2nd semestre<br>70% R\u00e9daction de courtes notices (1000 mots) sur la socio-biographie de parlementaires ou sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019organisation du travail parlementaire.<br>30% Elaboration de la probl\u00e9matique du travail personnel<\/p><br><p>3\u00e8me semestre (projet d\u2019exposition)<br>20% Pr\u00e9sentation orale de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019avancement du travail personnel<br>80% Travail final (environ 6000 mots + bibliographie)<br><\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>Des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences plus sp\u00e9cifiques et compl\u00e8tes seront fournies chaque semestre.<br>Nicolas Als et Robert L. Philippart, La Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s : histoire et lieux de travail, Luxembourg, 1994.<br>Claude Frieseisen, Marie-Paule Jungblut et Michel Pauly (\u00e9ds), La volont\u00e9 de la Chambre qui est la volont\u00e9 du pays. Un floril\u00e8ge des d\u00e9bats parlementaires luxembourgeois (1848- 2008), Luxembourg, 2019.<br>Marnix Beyen et Henk te Velde, Passion and reason: modern parliaments in the Low Countries, in : Pasi Ihalainen, Cornelia Ilie et Kari Palonen (\u00e9ds), Parliament and parliamentarism: a comparative history of a European concept, New York, 2016, p. 81- 96.<br>Jean Garrigues (\u00e9d.), Histoire du Parlement: De 1789 \u00e0 nos jours, Paris 2007.<br>Un parlementarisme allemand ?, in : Parlement[s], Revue d&#8217;histoire politique 21\/1 (2014). Elise Julien, Le comparatisme en histoire. Rappels historiographiques et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, in : Hypoth\u00e8ses 2004 (=Hypoth\u00e8ses, 2005\/1, p. 191-201).<\/p><br><p>Hartmut Kaelble, Historical Comparison. Version: 2, in : Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte, 15.11.2024 (https:\/\/docupedia.de\/zg\/kaelble_historical_comparison_v2_en_2024\u00a0<\/p><br><p>DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14765\/zzf.dok-2832)<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e524c136\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                The EU Political System                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            5                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            GOVEUROP-37                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e524c136\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e524bec8\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> The EU Political System<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 5<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> GOVEUROP-37<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 8 : Options<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            \u00a0<br>Upon successful completion of this course, students should have acquired:<br><ul><br>A thorough knowledge of the historical evolution, principal features and place in the decision-making process of the main institutions of the European Union.<br>An initial acquaintance with the dynamics of the EU decision-making system, appropriate as a foundation for the further study of particular policy sectors.<br>A familiarity with the breadth of (English- and French-language) scholarly literatures surrounding the contemporary EU institutional system and its historical development.<br><\/ul>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>This course provides an advanced-level overview of the principal institutions of the European Union. After an initial survey of the development of the Union from the Maastricht Treaty negotiations to the present, the course proceeds to a detailed examination of each of the main players in the EU\u2019s &#8216;decisional triangle\u2019. Attention is thus focused in turn on the European Commission, the Council of Ministers \/ European Council, and the European Parliament.<\/p><p>This is followed by an examination of the European Court of Justice and the wider system of European courts, with a focus on both the role of law as a motor of the integration process and questions of fundamental rights. The fifth institution covered in the course is the European Central Bank, a body the influence and policy making powers of which have increased significantly over the past decade. <\/p><p>Throughout the course attention is focused on providing an appropriate introduction to the functions and functioning of the institutions concerned, while at the same time developing a familiarity with the relevant scholarly bodies of literature and the critical insights which they provide.<\/p>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\u00a0<\/p><br>Seminar participation and critical summary (40%)<br>Written examination during the January examination period (60%)<br><p>\u00a0<\/p><br>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        These are the most recent editions of these texts. A number of older editions can also be found in the University library.<br><ul><br>Cini<br>, Michelle and Nieves Perez-<br>Solorzano<br>Borragan<br>(ed.). European Union Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2022 \/ Seventh edition).<br>Hodson, Dermot et al.. The Institutions of the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2022 \/ Fifth edition).<br>Hix, Simon and<br>Bj\u00f8rn<br>H\u00f8yland<br>. The Political System of the European Union (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan 2011 \/ Third edition).<br>Magnette, Paul. Le r\u00e9gime politique de l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne (Paris : Presses de Sciences Po, 2017 \/ 4\u00e8me \u00e9dition).<br>Nugent, Neill. The Government and Politics of the European Union (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2017 \/ Eighth edition).<br>Bache, Ian, Stephen George and Simon Bulmer. Politics in the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011 \/ Third edition).<br><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section\n    id=\"tabpanel-47bb544f-129c-4292-8c20-4edf2fc8151e\"\n    aria-labelledby=\"tab-47bb544f-129c-4292-8c20-4edf2fc8151e\"\n    class=\"tab-panel fade hidden is-hidden\"\n>\n    <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-course-offer\">\n    <h3>Course offer for Semestre 4 (2025-2026 Summer)<\/h3>\n    \n<div id=\"accordion-module-6a143e525546d\" class=\"accordion accordion--theme\">\n            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52554aa\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                Tutorat 4\/4                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            1                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-161                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52554aa\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e525546d\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> Tutorat 4\/4<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 1<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-161<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> Module 1 : (D\u00e9)coder l&#039;histoire europ\u00e9enne<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> EN, FR<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> Yes<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <p>\n                            At the end of the tutorial, the students will have a toolkit of skills necessary to submit a good master thesis: developing a cutting-edge, relevant research question, scientific writing, in-depth source analysis, a reasonable structure for their research and the thesis, adequate methodological approaches, the ability to delimit relevant from purely interesting and redundant information etc.<br>                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        4th semester: Writing the master thesis (1 ECTS)<br>During the fourth semester, there will be only one mandatory tutorial meeting with all students: they will present their research results, and the oral presentation will be attended not only by all students, but as well by all supervisors of their master theses.<br>In addition, one-on-one meetings are possible if required, e.g. due to difficulties with source material or in the research, the writing process in general or the preparation of the defense.<br>                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        1 paper or presentation per semester + writing skills assessment                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>            \n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\n    <h4 class=\"accordion__header\">\n        <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"accordion__button collapsed\"\n                aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-bs-target=\"#accordion-panel-6a143e52554d2\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"accordion__title\">\n                M\u00e9moire scientifique                <span class=\"accordion__data\">\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">ECTS credits:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            30                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"accordion__data__item\">\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__name\">Course code:<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"accordion__data__value\">\n                            MAHEC-17                        <\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-down icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\"><\/use><\/svg>        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-panel-6a143e52554d2\" class=\"accordion__collapse collapse\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordion-module-6a143e525546d\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__body p-0\">\n            <ul class=\"list-highlighted\">\n                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        <ul>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course title:<\/span> M\u00e9moire scientifique<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Number of ECTS:<\/span> 30<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Course code:<\/span> MAHEC-17<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Module(s):<\/span> M\u00e9moire scientifique<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Language:<\/span> FR, EN, DE<\/li>\n                            <li><span class=\"text-dark font-heading font-bold\">Mandatory:<\/span> No<\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n\n                <!--<li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">-->\n                <!--    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">-->\n                <!--        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>--><!--<\/strong><\/h5>-->\n                <!--    <\/header>-->\n                <!--    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">-->\n                <!--        <div class=\"speaker-group\">-->\n                <!--            -->                <!--        <\/div>-->\n                <!--    <\/div>-->\n                <!--<\/li>-->\n\n                \n                \n                \n                \n                                <li class=\"list-highlighted__item items-start\">\n                    <header class=\"list-highlighted__header\">\n                        <h5 class=\"text-18\"><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/h5>\n                    <\/header>\n                    <div class=\"list-highlighted__body\">\n                        Soutenance                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                \n                \n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The curriculum covers a full-time two-years programme (120 ECTS) and has 8 modules covering different topics according to the chosen specialisation track. The final semester is dedicated to the completion of the Master thesis. Classes are taught in French and English. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":907,"parent":1157,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"Master en Histoire europ\u00e9enne contemporaine","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"study_program_identifiers":"HISTEUROPCONT__F3_MA_HistEuroCont__F3_MA_HistEuroCont","override_seo_title":false},"type-of-studies":[],"teaching-languages":[],"field-of-interest":[],"organisation":[],"authorship":[44,242],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - 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